Nokea
A client with a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus is prescribed insulin aspart (NovoLog). The nurse should explain that this insulin:
- A. Provides a steady basal insulin level.
- B. Is administered immediately before meals.
- C. Should be mixed with long-acting insulin.
- D. Is taken once daily at bedtime.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin aspart is a rapid-acting insulin administered immediately before meals to control postprandial glucose.
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A client with the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has received dietary counseling about potassium restriction in the diet. The nurse determines that the client has learned the information correctly when the client states that he or she will do what when preparing vegetables?
- A. Eat only fresh vegetables.
- B. Boil them and discard the water.
- C. Use only salt substitutes to season.
- D. Buy frozen vegetables whenever possible.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The potassium content of vegetables can be reduced by boiling them and discarding the cooking water. Clients with CKD should avoid the use of salt substitutes altogether because they tend to be high in potassium content.
A postpartum client is experiencing heavy lochia 3 days after delivery. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Massage the fundus
- B. Administer oxytocin as ordered
- C. Encourage the client to ambulate
- D. Notify the physician
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Heavy lochia may indicate uterine atony. Massaging the fundus is the first step to promote uterine contraction and reduce bleeding before escalating to other interventions.
A client with a history of depression is prescribed sertraline (Zoloft). The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following side effects?
- A. Insomnia.
- B. Bradycardia.
- C. Hypotension.
- D. Weight loss.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sertraline commonly causes insomnia, which should be reported to manage treatment.
A client with a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease is prescribed a low-phosphorus diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?
- A. White bread.
- B. Chicken.
- C. Milk.
- D. Apples.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Milk is high in phosphorus and should be avoided in a low-phosphorus diet for chronic kidney disease.
The nurse is preparing to administer a measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 15-month-old. Where should the nurse administer the injection?
- A. Deltoid muscle
- B. Vastus lateralis muscle
- C. Gluteal muscle
- D. Subcutaneous tissue of the abdomen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The vastus lateralis is the preferred site for intramuscular vaccines like MMR in toddlers due to adequate muscle mass and low risk of nerve damage.