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A client with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus is prescribed pioglitazone (Actos). The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following side effects?
- A. Hypoglycemia.
- B. Weight gain.
- C. Hypertension.
- D. Dry skin.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pioglitazone can cause weight gain due to fluid retention, requiring monitoring in diabetic clients.
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The nurse is caring for a client with a history of atrial fibrillation who is prescribed apixaban (Eliquis). The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following side effects immediately?
- A. Mild bruising.
- B. Bleeding gums.
- C. Headache.
- D. Nausea.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bleeding gums indicate a potential bleeding complication with apixaban, requiring immediate reporting.
A client diagnosed with refractory myasthenia gravis is told by the primary health care provider that plasmapheresis therapy is indicated. When the client asks the nurse to repeat the primary health care provider's reason for prescribing this treatment, the nurse should tell the client that this therapy will most likely improve which problem?
- A. Double vision
- B. Difficulty breathing
- C. Urinary incontinence
- D. Prickling sensation in the legs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Plasmapheresis is a process that separates the plasma from the blood elements so that plasma proteins that contain antibodies can be removed. It is used as an adjunct therapy in myasthenia gravis and may give temporary relief to clients with actual or impending respiratory failure. Usually 3 to 5 treatments are required. This therapy is not indicated for the reasons listed in any of the other options.
During electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), the client receives oxygen by mask via positive pressure ventilation. The nurse understands that positive pressure ventilation is necessary for which reason?
- A. Seizure activity depresses respirations.
- B. Anesthesia is routinely administered during the ECT procedure.
- C. Muscle relaxants are given to prevent injury during the seizure.
- D. Decreased oxygen to the brain increases confusion and disorientation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A short-acting skeletal muscle relaxant is administered during this procedure to prevent injuries during the seizure. The client receives positive pressure ventilation until the muscle relaxant is metabolized, usually within 2 to 3 minutes. The remaining options do not address the specific reason for positive pressure ventilation.
A client with a history of rheumatoid arthritis is prescribed leflunomide (Arava). The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following side effects?
- A. Liver toxicity.
- B. Hypotension.
- C. Weight loss.
- D. Hyperglycemia.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Leflunomide can cause liver toxicity, requiring regular monitoring of liver function tests.
How many mLs will you administer to the client after you use 3.3 mL of normal saline to reconstitute a medication that will yield 12 mg per mL and the doctor's order is as follows. Doctor's order: 25 mg of medication BID
- A. 1.9 mL
- B. 2.0 mL
- C. 2.5 mL
- D. 2.1 mL
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: To calculate: 25 mg ÷ 12 mg/mL = 2.083 mL, rounded to 2.1 mL for practical administration.