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A client with a new diagnosis of hypertension is receiving discharge teaching. What should the nurse emphasize regarding lifestyle changes?
- A. Limit sodium intake to 2 grams per day
- B. Increase fluid intake to 2 liters per day
- C. Avoid potassium-rich foods
- D. Avoid alcohol consumption
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to increase fluid intake to 2 liters per day. Adequate fluid intake helps manage hypertension and prevent fluid retention. Limiting sodium intake, avoiding potassium-rich foods, and abstaining from alcohol are important aspects of managing hypertension; however, in this scenario, emphasizing the increase in fluid intake is crucial for the client's understanding and compliance.
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A client signed an informed consent form for surgery but has expressed doubts about the need for surgery. What should the nurse say?
- A. Reassure the client of the surgeon's skill
- B. The surgeon will answer your questions before surgery
- C. Tell the client surgery is necessary
- D. Encourage the client to seek a second opinion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the surgeon should address the client's doubts before surgery. Informed consent requires that the client fully understands the procedure. Choice A is incorrect because reassuring the client of the surgeon's skill does not address the client's doubts about the need for surgery. Choice C is incorrect because telling the client surgery is necessary may not address their concerns and could violate the principle of autonomy. Choice D is incorrect as the immediate concern is addressing the client's doubts before surgery, not necessarily seeking a second opinion.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client with a prescription for home oxygen therapy. What information should the nurse include?
- A. Increase the oxygen flow rate when shortness of breath occurs
- B. Turn off the oxygen when not in use
- C. Avoid open flames or smoking near oxygen
- D. Store the oxygen tubing near heat sources
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Avoid open flames or smoking near oxygen.' This information is crucial to prevent fire hazards as oxygen supports combustion. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Increasing the oxygen flow rate without healthcare provider's instructions can be dangerous. Oxygen should not be turned off when not in use as prescribed by the healthcare provider, and storing oxygen tubing near heat sources poses a risk of fire.
A nurse is planning to teach a group of older adults about the prevention of osteoporosis. What information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Increase intake of vitamin C
- B. Avoid weight-bearing exercises
- C. Perform weight-bearing exercises
- D. Limit sun exposure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Perform weight-bearing exercises. Weight-bearing exercises help maintain bone density and reduce the risk of osteoporosis in older adults. Choice A, increasing intake of vitamin C, is not directly related to osteoporosis prevention. Choice B, avoiding weight-bearing exercises, is incorrect as weight-bearing exercises are beneficial for bone health. Choice D, limiting sun exposure, is not a key factor in osteoporosis prevention as moderate sun exposure is important for vitamin D synthesis which is essential for bone health.
A nurse is preparing to administer a medication to a client with a nasogastric (NG) tube. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Administer the medication with a straw
- B. Flush the NG tube with 30 mL of water before administration
- C. Crush all medications together
- D. Mix the medication with pudding
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take when administering medication to a client with a nasogastric (NG) tube is to flush the NG tube with 30 mL of water before administration. Flushing the tube with water helps ensure the patency of the tube and prevents clogging. Choice A is incorrect because administering the medication with a straw is not a recommended practice for NG tube administration. Choice C is incorrect because crushing all medications together may lead to potential drug interactions. Choice D is incorrect because mixing the medication with pudding is not a standard method for administering medication through an NG tube.
When teaching about safety risks for adolescents, what should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Adolescents have a decreased risk of injury
- B. Peer pressure can lead to risky behaviors
- C. Increased responsibility reduces risks
- D. Adolescents are less likely to engage in substance abuse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Peer pressure can lead to risky behaviors.' Adolescents are at an increased risk for injury due to peer pressure and the tendency to engage in high-risk behaviors. Emphasizing the impact of peer pressure on decision-making can help adolescents make safer choices. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because adolescents actually have an increased risk of injury, increased responsibility does not always reduce risks, and many adolescents are at risk of engaging in substance abuse.