Pediatric NCLEX Questions

Pediatric NCLEX Questions Related

Review Pediatric NCLEX Questions related questions and content

A client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is prescribed zidovudine (azidothymidine, AZT [retrovir]), 200mg PO every 4 hours. When teaching the client about this drug, the nurse should provide which instruction?

  • A. "Take zidovudine with meals."
  • B. "Take zidovudine on an empty stomach."
  • C. "Take zidovudine every 4 hours around the clock."
  • D. "Take over-the-counter(OTC) drugs to treat minor adverse reactions."
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Zidovudine (AZT) is an antiretroviral drug used to treat HIV infection, including in AIDS patients. It is important to follow the prescribed dosing schedule to maintain consistent drug levels in the body and effectively control the HIV virus. Taking zidovudine every 4 hours around the clock helps ensure the medication's therapeutic effects are maintained throughout the day. It is crucial for the client to adhere to the prescribed dosing regimen to prevent the development of drug resistance and to achieve the best treatment outcomes. Taking zidovudine with meals, on an empty stomach, or taking over-the-counter drugs for minor adverse reactions are not the correct instructions related to the dosing schedule of zidovudine.

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Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke is associated with

  • A. shorter neonatal length
  • B. lower birthweight
  • C. changes in neonatal behavior
  • D. neonatal diabetes
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Neonatal diabetes is not commonly associated with prenatal cigarette smoke exposure.

An adult has a Hickman type central venous catheter and needs to have blood drawn from it. Which of the following should the nurse do first?

  • A. Use sterile technique to assemble supplies needed
  • B. Aspirate and discard the first 10 ml of the blood
  • C. First flush the catheter with heparinized solution, then withdraw the blood
  • D. Remove the cap of the catheter and replace it with a new one
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Before drawing blood from a central venous catheter like a Hickman type, it is essential to ensure that the catheter is patent and free of any clots. Flushing the catheter with a heparinized solution (to prevent clot formation) before withdrawing blood helps clear the catheter and ensures accurate blood sample collection. Removing clots or obstructions from the catheter is crucial to prevent complications and maintain the catheter's function. Therefore, it is important to first flush the catheter with a heparinized solution before drawing blood from it.

The nurse is planning care for a family expecting their newborn to die. The nurse's interventions should be based on which statement?

  • A. Tangible remembrances of the newborn (e.g., lock of hair, picture) prolong grief.
  • B. Photographs of newborns should not be taken after the death has occurred.
  • C. Funerals are not recommended because mother is still recovering from childbirth.
  • D. Parents should be encouraged to name their newborn if they have not done so already.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Parents should be encouraged to name their newborn if they have not done so already because giving the baby a name can help the parents acknowledge their baby as a unique individual. It can also provide a sense of connection and identity, which can be important for the grieving process and coping with the loss. Naming the baby allows the parents to honor their child's existence and memory, and it can be a meaningful part of their healing journey.

Achild has a chronic cough, no retractions but diffuse wheezing during the expiratory phase of respiration. This suggests which of the following?

  • A. Asthma
  • B. Pneumonia
  • C. Croup
  • D. Foreign body aspiration
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presence of a chronic cough, along with diffuse wheezing during the expiratory phase of respiration, suggests asthma. Asthma is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, causing symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. The wheezing sound typically occurs during expiration due to air trapping in the narrowed airways. In this case, the absence of retractions (which could indicate increased work of breathing) and the nature of the wheezing pattern are more consistent with asthma rather than other conditions such as pneumonia, croup, or foreign body aspiration. While these other conditions may also present with respiratory symptoms, the specific combination of chronic cough and expiratory wheezing is most indicative of asthma in this scenario.

Regarding physical growth of preschool children (3-5 years), all are true EXCEPT

  • A. 7-8 kg weight increment/yr
  • B. 20 primary teeth erupted by 3 years
  • C. brain stops myelinization by 8 years
  • D. height increment/yr average is 5-6 cm up to 18 years
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Weight increment varies and is generally less than 7-8 kg/yr.

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