Nokea
A client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is admitted for treatment of wasting syndrome. Which of the following dietary modifications can be used to compensate for the limited absorptive capability of the intestinal tract?
- A. Thoroughly cooking all foods
- B. Offering yogurt and buttermilk between meals
- C. Forcing fluids
- D. Providing small, frequent meals
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Small, frequent meals are easier to digest and absorb, compensating for the limited absorptive capacity in wasting syndrome. Cooking foods thoroughly reduces infection risk but doesn't aid absorption. Yogurt and buttermilk may not be tolerated, and forcing fluids addresses hydration, not absorption.
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The nurse is caring for a client with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply.
- A. Administer vasopressin.
- B. Implement seizure precautions.
- C. Perform frequent neurological checks.
- D. Keep a strict record of fluid intake and output.
- E. Maintain an IV infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride.
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Seizure precautions (B), neurological checks (C), and strict I&O (D) manage SIADH complications like hyponatremia. Vasopressin (A) worsens SIADH, and normal saline (E) may not correct hyponatremia.
Which of the following herbal supplements pose an increased risk for bleeding in surgical clients and should be discontinued prior to major surgery? Select all that apply.
- A. Black cohosh
- B. Garlic
- C. Ginger
- D. Ginkgo biloba
- E. Hawthorn
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Garlic (B), ginger (C), and ginkgo biloba (D) have antiplatelet effects, increasing bleeding risk. Black cohosh (A) and hawthorn (E) do not significantly affect bleeding.
The clinic nurse is reinforcing client teaching about the tiotropium that has been prescribed for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which statement indicates that the client has a correct understanding of this medication?
- A. A capsule holds the powdered medication that I put in a special inhaler.
- B. I do not need to rinse my mouth out with water after taking tiotropium.
- C. I have been taking tiotropium every time I have difficulty breathing.
- D. Tiotropium helps control my COPD by reducing inflammation in my airway.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tiotropium is a powder in a capsule used with an inhaler (A). Rinsing the mouth (B) is unnecessary, but it's taken daily, not PRN (C), and it's a bronchodilator, not anti-inflammatory (D).
The client is admitted for a bronchoscopy this morning. Which question is essential for the nurse to ask the client?
- A. When did you last eat?'
- B. Did you take the laxative as ordered?'
- C. What has the doctor told you about your procedure?'
- D. Have you had conscious sedation before?'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bronchoscopy requires NPO status to prevent aspiration; confirming last intake is essential. Laxatives, procedure knowledge, or sedation history are secondary.
Which of the following organs is most likely to suffer permanent damage from shock?
- A. The heart
- B. The skin
- C. The brain
- D. The kidneys
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The kidneys are highly susceptible to permanent damage from shock due to reduced perfusion, leading to acute kidney injury.