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A client with active tuberculosis is prescribed isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I can substitute one medication for another if I run out because they all fight infection.
- B. I will wash my hands each time I cough.
- C. I am glad I don't have to have any more sputum specimens.
- D. I don't need to worry about where I go once I start taking my medications.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct statement indicating understanding of tuberculosis medication regimen is 'I will wash my hands each time I cough.' This statement shows knowledge of infection control practices to prevent the spread of tuberculosis. Washing hands after coughing helps in reducing the transmission of the disease to others. The other options are incorrect. Option A is incorrect as each medication in the regimen has a specific role, and substituting one for another can compromise the effectiveness of treatment. Option C is incorrect as obtaining sputum specimens is essential for monitoring treatment response. Option D is incorrect as the client should still adhere to infection control measures and avoid exposing others to tuberculosis.
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A healthcare professional is providing information about tuberculosis to a group of clients at a local community center. Which of the following manifestations should the professional NOT include in the teaching?
- A. Persistent cough
- B. Weight gain
- C. Fatigue
- D. Night sweats
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weight gain is not a typical manifestation of tuberculosis. The characteristic symptoms of tuberculosis include a persistent cough, fatigue, and night sweats. Weight loss, not weight gain, is a common symptom associated with tuberculosis due to the impact of the infection on the body's metabolism. Therefore, the healthcare professional should exclude weight gain from the teaching on tuberculosis manifestations.
A healthcare provider is caring for a group of clients. Which of the following clients is not at risk for pulmonary embolism?
- A. A client who has a BMI of 30
- B. A female client who is postmenopausal
- C. A client who has a fractured femur
- D. A client who has chronic atrial fibrillation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Postmenopausal status is not a significant risk factor for pulmonary embolism. Risk factors for pulmonary embolism include obesity (BMI of 30 or higher), immobility such as having a fractured femur, and conditions like chronic atrial fibrillation that increase the risk of blood clot formation. While postmenopausal status may be associated with other health risks, it is not directly linked to an increased risk of pulmonary embolism.
A client is being instructed on the use of an incentive spirometer. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. ''I will place the adapter on my finger to read my blood oxygen saturation level.''
- B. ''I will lie on my back with my knees bent.''
- C. ''I will rest my hand over my abdomen to create resistance.''
- D. ''I will take in a deep breath and hold it before exhaling.''
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer demonstrates an understanding of the proper technique for using an incentive spirometer. Incentive spirometry helps to improve lung function by encouraging deep breathing and sustaining the inhalation to fully expand the lungs. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not reflect the correct instructions for using an incentive spirometer.
A client with COPD expresses concerns about leaving the house due to continuous oxygen use. What is an appropriate response by the nurse?
- A. There are portable oxygen delivery systems that you can take with you.
- B. When you go out, you can remove the oxygen and then reapply it when you get home.
- C. You probably will not be able to go out as much as you used to.
- D. Home health services will come to see you so you will not need to get out.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For a client with COPD concerned about leaving the house while on continuous oxygen, the nurse should provide reassurance by mentioning the availability of portable oxygen delivery systems. These systems allow the client to maintain their oxygen therapy while being mobile, enabling them to go out and engage in activities outside the home. This response promotes independence and quality of life for the client, addressing their immediate concerns and offering a practical solution to their perceived limitation.
A client is being instructed on how to perform pursed-lip breathing. Which of the following should be included in the plan of care?
- A. Take quick breaths upon inhalation.
- B. Place your hand over your stomach.
- C. Take a deep breath in through your nose.
- D. Puff your cheeks upon exhalation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pursed-lip breathing is a breathing technique that involves inhaling slowly through the nose and exhaling gently through pursed lips. This technique helps improve breathing efficiency and can be beneficial for individuals with respiratory conditions. Instructing the client to take a deep breath in through the nose is essential for proper execution of pursed-lip breathing, making choice C the correct answer.