Nokea
A client with acute renal failure has edema. The nurse should:
- A. Elevate the legs.
- B. Restrict fluids.
- C. Administer a diuretic.
- D. Increase sodium intake.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fluid restriction helps manage edema in acute renal failure.
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Which of the following therapeutic classes of drugs is used to treat tachycardia and angina in a client with pheochromocytoma?
- A. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.
- B. Calcium channel blockers.
- C. Beta blockers.
- D. Diuretics.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Beta blockers reduce tachycardia and angina in pheochromocytoma by blocking catecholamine effects on the heart.
What is a goal of care for a client with acute renal failure?
- A. Maintain urine output of 30 mL/hour.
- B. Keep potassium above 5.5 mEq/L.
- C. Increase protein intake.
- D. Limit ambulation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Maintaining adequate urine output indicates improving renal function.
A client uses timolol maleate (Timoptic) eyedrops. The expected outcome of this beta-adrenergic blocker is to control glaucoma by:
- A. Constricting the pupils.
- B. Dilating the canals of Schlemm.
- C. Reducing aqueous humor formation.
- D. Improving the ability of the ciliary muscle to contract.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Timolol maleate, a beta-adrenergic blocker, reduces intraocular pressure by decreasing the production of aqueous humor in the eye.
A client with bladder cancer has lost an estimated 500 mL blood in the urine. The client's hemoglobin is 8.0 g/dL, and the physician orders a unit of packed blood cells. To administer the packed red blood cells, the nurse should:
- A. Attach the packed cells to the existing 19G I.V. of normal saline solution using Y tubing.
- B. Start an additional 22G I.V. site because the packed blood cells must be given in a separate line.
- C. Attach the packed blood cells to the existing 22G I.V. of 5% dextrose using Y tubing.
- D. Start an additional I.V. access device with a 22G Intracath.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Packed red blood cells should be administered via a 19G I.V. with normal saline using Y tubing to prevent hemolysis, which can occur with dextrose solutions.
The rapid response team has been called to manage an unwitnessed cardiac arrest. The estimated maximum time a person can be without cardiopulmonary function and still not experience permanent brain damage is:
- A. 1 to 2 minutes.
- B. 4 to 6 minutes.
- C. 8 to 10 minutes.
- D. 12 to 15 minutes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Brain damage begins after 4 to 6 minutes without oxygenation, making this the critical window for initiating CPR to prevent permanent damage.