Nokea
A client with acute renal failure is at risk for:
- A. Infection.
- B. Hypoglycemia.
- C. Hypernatremia.
- D. Bone fractures.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infection risk is high due to impaired immune response and dialysis access.
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A nurse is assessing a client with a urinary tract infection who takes an antihypertensive drug. The nurse reviews the client’s urinalysis results (see chart). The nurse should:
- A. Encourage the client to increase fl uid intake.
- B. Withhold the next dose of antihypertensive medication.
- C. Restrict the client’s sodium intake.
- D. Encourage the client to eat at least half of a banana per day
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The client’s urine specifi c gravity is elevated. Specific gravity is a refl ection of the concentrating ability of the kidneys. This level indicates that the urine is concentrated. By increasing fluid intake, the urine will become more dilute. Antihypertensives do not make urine more concentrated unless there is a diuretic component within them. The nurse should not hold a dose of antihypertensive medication. Sodium tends to pull water with it; by restricting sodium, less water, not more, will be present. Bananas do not aid in the dilution of urine.
Which intervention promotes comfort post-cystectomy?
- A. Encourage deep breathing.
- B. Restrict all fluids.
- C. Keep in supine position.
- D. Administer IV antibiotics.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Deep breathing prevents respiratory complications and promotes comfort.
Which lab result indicates worsening acute renal failure?
- A. Creatinine 3.5 mg/dL.
- B. BUN 20 mg/dL.
- C. Potassium 4.0 mEq/L.
- D. Sodium 140 mEq/L.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated creatinine indicates reduced kidney function in acute renal failure.
Which of the following hospitalized clients is at risk to develop parotitis?
- A. A 50-year-old client with nausea and vomiting who is on nothing-by-mouth status.
- B. A 75-year-old client with diabetes who has ill-fitting dentures.
- C. An 80-year-old client who has poor oral hygiene and is dehydrated.
- D. A 65-year-old client with lung cancer who has a feeding tube in place.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dehydration and poor oral hygiene in the 80-year-old client increase the risk of parotitis due to reduced saliva production and bacterial overgrowth.
A client with a diagnosis of cancer is frequently disruptive and challenges the nurse. This behavior is probably caused by:
- A. Uncertainty and an underlying fear of recurrence.
- B. The usual trajectory of a short-term illness.
- C. A history of a behavioral illness.
- D. The one-time crisis from learning of the diagnosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Disruptive behavior in a cancer client is often driven by uncertainty and fear of recurrence, reflecting ongoing emotional distress.