Nokea
A client with Addison's disease comes to the clinic for a follow-up visit. When assessing this client, the nurse should stay alert for signs and symptoms of:
- A. calcium and phosphorus abnormalities
- B. sodium and chloride abnormalities
- C. chloride and magnesium
- D. sodium and potassium abnormalities abnormalities.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Addison's disease, also known as adrenal insufficiency, is a condition where the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones. One of the primary functions of the adrenal glands is to regulate sodium and potassium levels in the body. In Addison's disease, the lack of adrenal hormones can lead to electrolyte imbalances, specifically low sodium levels (hyponatremia) and high potassium levels (hyperkalemia).
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is X linked recessive disorder :
- A. thalassemia
- B. hemophilia
- C. leukemia
- D. sickle anemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder where the genes responsible for blood clotting factors are located on the X chromosome. This disorder primarily affects males, as they have only one X chromosome. Females are carriers and can pass the gene on to their sons. Hemophilia results in prolonged bleeding episodes as the blood is unable to clot properly. Thalassemia, leukemia, and sickle cell anemia are not X-linked disorders. Digoxin is a medication used for heart conditions, not related to X-linked disorders.
When creating a teaching program for the parents of Jessica who is diagnosed with pulmonic stenosis (PS), Nurse Alex would keep in mind that this disorder involves which of the following?
- A. A single vessel arising from both ventricles
- B. Obstruction of blood flow from the left ventricle
- C. Obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle
- D. Return of blood to the heart without entry to the left atrium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulmonic stenosis (PS) is a heart condition where there is obstruction or narrowing of the pulmonary valve, which is responsible for allowing blood to flow out of the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation. This obstruction leads to decreased blood flow from the right side of the heart to the lungs, causing increased pressure in the right ventricle. This can result in symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and possible heart murmurs. It is essential for Nurse Alex to educate Jessica's parents about the impact of this obstruction in the right ventricle and the importance of monitoring Jessica's symptoms and seeking appropriate medical care when needed.
Nursing interventions for a patient with a diagnosis of hyponatremia includes all of the following except:
- A. Assessing for symptoms of nausea and malaise
- B. Encouraging the intake of low-sodium liquids, such as coffee or tea
- C. Monitoring neurological status
- D. Restricting tap water intake
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyponatremia is a condition characterized by low levels of sodium in the blood. Encouraging the intake of low-sodium liquids, such as coffee or tea, can further dilute the sodium levels in the body and worsen the condition. Instead, it is important to restrict fluid intake and focus on providing appropriate electrolyte replacement. Monitoring the patient's neurological status is crucial as severe hyponatremia can lead to neurological symptoms such as confusion, seizures, and coma. Assessing for symptoms like nausea and malaise helps in understanding the patient's condition. Restricting tap water intake is also necessary to help manage hyponatremia by preventing further dilution of sodium levels.
Which nursing consideration is important when caring for a child with impetigo contagiosa?
- A. Apply topical corticosteroids to decrease inflammation.
- B. Carefully remove dressings so as not to dislodge undermined skin, crusts, and debris.
- C. Carefully wash hands and maintain cleanliness when caring for an infected child.
- D. Examine child under a Wood lamp for possible spread of lesions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carefully washing hands and maintaining cleanliness when caring for an infected child with impetigo contagiosa is important due to its highly contagious nature. Impetigo is a skin infection that is easily spread through direct contact with the lesions or with items contaminated by the infected person such as towels, clothing, or bedding. By washing hands and maintaining cleanliness, caregivers can help prevent the spread of infection to others and minimize the risk of re-infection to the child. This nursing consideration is crucial in managing impetigo and promoting the child's recovery.
Which of the following is the most common symptoms of pericarditis?
- A. Dyspnea c.Chest pain
- B. Intermittent claudication
- C. Calf pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most common symptom of pericarditis is chest pain. This chest pain is typically sharp and stabbing, and it may worsen when taking deep breaths or lying down. It can also be relieved by sitting up or leaning forward. Other symptoms of pericarditis may include dyspnea (shortness of breath), but chest pain is the hallmark symptom that differentiates pericarditis from other conditions. Intermittent claudication and calf pain are not typically associated with pericarditis.