Nokea
A client with AIDS has been tested for cytomegalovirus (CMV) with positive titers. What severe complication should the nurse be alert for with cytomegalovirus?
- A. diarrhea
- B. hearing impairment
- C. blindness
- D. fatigue
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: CMV can infect the choroid and retinal layers of the eye, leading to blindness. It does not lead to hearing impairment. Fatigue and diarrhea may occur but are not as critical as blindness.
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A client visits the nurse complaining of diarrhea after every meal. The client has AIDS and wants to know what to do to stop having diarrhea. What should the nurse advise?
- A. Avoid fibrous foods, lactose, fat, and caffeine.
- B. Encourage large, high-fat meals.
- C. Reduce food intake.
- D. Increase the intake of iron and zinc.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diarrhea may subside when the client avoids residue, lactose, fat, and caffeine. Although eating may seem to cause diarrhea, the client must understand that limiting the intake of food to control diarrhea only exacerbates wasting. The client will tolerate a low-fat, high-carbohydrate, and soft or liquid diet better than large, high-fat meals. The client should be advised to avoid large doses of iron and zinc because they can impair the functioning of the immune system.
A client requires a blood transfusion for anemia and tells the nurse, 'I don't want a transfusion because I don't want to get AIDS.' Which is the best response from the nurse to the client?
- A. It's always a possibility.'
- B. You don't want to die, do you?'
- C. The blood is screened, and your risk is one in two million.'
- D. If you don't have the transfusion, you are taking a greater risk.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Before 1984, blood and blood products were a major source of HIV transmission. Since then, an HIV screening test known as nucleic acid testing (NAT) is performed on all blood and plasma donations. Although screening donated blood for HIV antibodies reduces the risk of transfusion-related infection with HIV, it is not flawless. The Verywell Health's website states that the risk for HIV infection in the United States from a blood transfusion is approximately one in two million units of blood. Informing the client that transmission is always a possibility does not provide any information that will be relevant to the decision. The other responses are nontherapeutic and, therefore, should not be used as a response to the client's statement.
A client will be having a surgical procedure and wants a family member to donate the blood for directed donor donation. What factor would prohibit the family member from donating the blood?
- A. The family member is 15 years of age.
- B. The family member weighs 124 lb.
- C. The family member is negative for HIV.
- D. The physician has been notified of the procedure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The donor must be at least 17 years of age, weigh 110 lb or more, and test negative for HIV, and the client's physician must be informed of the procedure.
A teenaged client with a diagnosis of HIV presents at the public health clinic complaining of pharyngitis, rash on the palms and soles of the feet, and diarrhea. What would the nurse suspect the client is suffering from?
- A. AIDS dementia complex (ADC)
- B. Acute retroviral syndrome (ARS)
- C. Distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP)
- D. AIDS-related complex (ARC)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Some manifestations of ARS include: fever; swollen and tender lymph nodes; pharyngitis; rash about the face, trunk, palms, and soles; muscle and joint pain; headache; nausea and vomiting; and diarrhea. In addition, there may be enlargement of the liver and spleen, weight loss, and neurologic symptoms such as visual changes or cognitive and motor involvement. The scenario does not describe symptoms of ARC, DSP, or ADC.
A nurse is collecting objective data for a client with AIDS. The nurse observes white plaques in the client's oral cavity, on the tongue, and buccal mucosa. What does this finding indicate?
- A. Kaposi's sarcoma
- B. Candidiasis
- C. Hairy leukoplakia
- D. Coccidioidomycosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Candidiasis is a yeast infection caused by the Candida albicans microorganisms Serie A. It may develop in the oral, pharyngeal, esophageal, or vaginal cavities or in folds of the skin. It is often called thrush when located in the mouth. Inspection of the mouth, throat, or vagina reveals areas of white plaque that may bleed when mobilized with a cotton-tipped swab. Kaposi's sarcoma is a purple lesion and is an opportunistic cancer. Hairy leukoplakia is also an indication of oral cancer. Coccidioidomycosis causes diarrhea in the immunosuppressed client.