Nokea
A client with breast cancer is receiving doxorubicin (Adriamycin). The nurse monitors the client closely for:
- A. Pulmonary fibrosis
- B. Cardiotoxicity
- C. Hepatotoxicity
- D. Nephrotoxicity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) is an anthracycline chemotherapy agent commonly used to treat various cancers, including breast cancer. One of the significant side effects associated with doxorubicin is cardiotoxicity, which can lead to serious complications such as heart failure and arrhythmias. The risk of cardiotoxicity is dose-dependent, meaning that higher cumulative doses increase the likelihood of cardiac damage. Therefore, it is essential for nurses to monitor cardiac function closely through assessments such as echocardiograms or monitoring for signs and symptoms of heart failure, such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and edema.
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During the admission assessment of a client with advanced ovarian cancer, the nurse recognizes which symptom as typical of the disease?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Hypermenorrhea
- C. Abnormal bleeding
- D. Abdominal distention
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Abdominal distention is a common symptom in advanced ovarian cancer due to several factors, including the accumulation of ascites (fluid in the abdominal cavity) and the presence of tumors that can increase abdominal girth. As the disease progresses, the pressure from growing masses or fluid buildup can lead to noticeable swelling and discomfort in the abdomen. This symptom often prompts further evaluation and can significantly impact the patient's quality of life.
A new nurse has been assigned a client who is in the hospital to receive iodine-131 treatment. Which action by the nurse is best?
- A. Ensure the client is placed in protective isolation.
- B. Have pregnant visitors stay 6 feet from the client.
- C. No special action is necessary to care for this client.
- D. Read the policy on handling radioactive excreta.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
After receiving a diagnosis of acute lymphocytic leukemia, a patient is visibly distraught, stating, I have no idea where to go from here. How should the nurse prepare to meet this patients psychosocial needs?
- A. Assess the patients previous experience with the health care system.
- B. Reassure the patient that treatment will be challenging but successful.
- C. Assess the patients specific needs for education and support.
- D. Identify the patients plan of medical care.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
The hospice nurse is caring for a patient with cancer in her home. The nurse has explained to the patient and the family that the patient is at risk for hypercalcemia and has educated them on the signs and symptoms of this health problem. What else should the nurse teach this patient and family to do to reduce the patient¢â‚¬â„¢s risk of hypercalcemia?
- A. Stool softeners are contraindicated.
- B. Laxatives should be taken daily.
- C. Consume 2 to 4 L of fluid daily.
- D. Restrict calcium intake.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
The nurse is caring for a 39-year-old woman with a family history of breast cancer. She requested a breast tumor marking test and the results have come back positive. As a result, the patient is requesting a bilateral mastectomy. This surgery is an example of what type of oncologic surgery?
- A. Salvage surgery
- B. Palliative surgery
- C. Prophylactic surgery
- D. Reconstructive surgery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prophylactic surgery refers to the preventive removal of tissues or organs at high risk for developing cancer, even when no cancer is currently present. In this case, the patient has a positive breast tumor marking test and a significant family history of breast cancer, which places her at increased risk for developing the disease. A bilateral mastectomy is performed to significantly reduce this risk by removing both breasts, thereby preventing the potential future occurrence of breast cancer.