Nokea
A client with cancer develops xerostomia. The nurse can help alleviate the discomfort associated with xerostomia by:
- A. Offering hard candy
- B. Administering analgesic medications
- C. Splinting swollen joints
- D. Providing saliva substitute
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Xerostomia is dry mouth, a common side effect in cancer patients. Providing a saliva substitute helps alleviate the discomfort associated with dry mouth by moistening the oral mucosa. Offering hard candy, as mentioned in choice A, can worsen xerostomia by increasing sugar content and potentially causing irritation. Administering analgesic medications, as in choice B, is not directly related to treating dry mouth. Splinting swollen joints, as in choice C, is irrelevant to xerostomia, which primarily affects the oral cavity.
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In the context of milieu therapy, what is its primary purpose?
- A. exploring the client's perception of reality
- B. enhancing social interaction abilities
- C. addressing maladaptive behaviors
- D. providing routine daily experiences
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Milieu therapy aims to provide routine daily experiences to clients. By offering a structured and predictable environment, it helps individuals feel safe and secure, reducing disruptive behaviors. Exploring the client's perception of reality (choice A) may be part of therapy but not the primary focus. Enhancing social interaction abilities (choice B) and addressing maladaptive behaviors (choice C) are important aspects of therapy but not the primary purpose of milieu therapy.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding rape?
- A. Most rapes go unreported.
- B. Legally, a woman can be raped by her spouse.
- C. Prosecuting and convicting for rape can be challenging.
- D. Rape can occur in different locations.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct statement is that legally, a woman can be raped by her spouse. Rape is defined as sexual intercourse against someone's will, and it can occur between any two persons regardless of their relationship, including spouses. Choice A is incorrect as most rapes are not reported due to various reasons like fear, shame, or distrust in the legal system. Choice C is incorrect as prosecuting and convicting for rape can be challenging due to factors like lack of evidence, societal biases, and victim blaming. Choice D is incorrect as the most common location of rape is not necessarily the victim's own home; it can happen in various settings such as public places, workplaces, or social gatherings.
The client is scheduled for a pericentesis. Which instruction should be given to the client before the exam?
- A. "You will need to lie flat during the exam."?
- B. "You need to empty your bladder before the procedure."?
- C. "You will be asleep during the procedure."?
- D. "The doctor will inject a medication to treat your illness during the procedure."?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The client scheduled for a pericentesis should be instructed to empty the bladder to prevent the risk of bladder puncture when the needle is inserted. A pericentesis involves removing fluid from the peritoneal cavity. The client is typically positioned sitting up or leaning over a table, making answer A incorrect. During a pericentesis, the client is usually awake, so answer C is incorrect. Medications are not commonly injected into the peritoneal cavity during this procedure, making answer D incorrect. However, it's important to note that the administration of medications during the procedure could vary based on specific circumstances.
When discussing the patterns of use of alcohol and other drugs, which piece of information should the nurse include?
- A. Lifetime prevalence and intensity of alcohol use are greater in men than in women.
- B. Caucasians report higher levels of alcohol use than African Americans or Hispanics.
- C. Overuse of alcohol and other drugs increases into the mid-20s, then levels off and decreases with age.
- D. Heavy use is more common in lower socioeconomic groups due to affordability.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is that overuse of alcohol and other drugs increases into the mid-20s, then levels off and decreases with age. Recent research indicates that alcohol and illicit drug use tends to rise into the mid-20s and then decline with age. Choices A and B are incorrect because lifetime prevalence and intensity of alcohol use are greater in men than in women, and Caucasians do not report higher levels of alcohol use compared to African Americans or Hispanics. Choice D is incorrect because heavy use is more common in lower socioeconomic groups due to factors like stress, coping mechanisms, and availability, not just affordability.
After the client discusses her relationship with her father, the nurse says, "Tell me whether I am understanding your relationship with your father. You feel dominated and controlled by him?"? This is an example of:
- A. verbalizing the implied.
- B. seeking consensual validation.
- C. encouraging evaluation.
- D. suggesting collaboration.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Seeking consensual validation is the correct answer. Consensual validation is a technique used to check one's understanding of what the client has said. It involves confirming with the client whether the nurse's interpretation aligns with the client's feelings or thoughts. This process helps build rapport, trust, and a shared understanding between the nurse and the client. Verbalizing the implied (choice A) refers to expressing the underlying or implicit meaning of a client's statement. Encouraging evaluation (choice C) involves prompting the client to assess or judge a situation. Suggesting collaboration (choice D) entails proposing working together with the client on a shared goal, which is not the primary focus in the scenario provided.