Community Health HESI Practice Exam

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A client with chronic congestive heart failure should be instructed to contact the home health nurse if which finding occurs?

  • A. Weight gain of 2 pounds or more in a 48-hour period
  • B. Urinating 4 to 5 times a day
  • C. A significant decrease in appetite
  • D. Appearance of non-pitting ankle edema
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A rapid weight gain of 2 pounds or more in a 48-hour period may indicate fluid retention and worsening heart failure, requiring prompt medical evaluation and intervention. This finding is crucial in managing chronic congestive heart failure as it signifies a potential exacerbation of the condition. Choices B, C, and D are less concerning in this context. Urinating 4 to 5 times a day is within the normal range for most individuals and may not be directly related to heart failure. A significant decrease in appetite may be due to various factors and might not be an immediate cause for concern in heart failure patients. The appearance of non-pitting ankle edema, although related to heart failure, is a more chronic and less urgent symptom when compared to a rapid weight gain, which requires immediate attention.

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Barangay Mabulaklak has poor hygienic practices and poor environmental conditions. These are contributing factors to which of the following disease conditions?

  • A. influenza
  • B. hepatitis B
  • C. parasitism
  • D. measles
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Poor hygienic practices and poor environmental conditions often create an environment conducive to the spread of parasites. Parasitism refers to the condition where parasites live on or in a host organism, potentially causing harm. In this scenario, the unsanitary conditions in Barangay Mabulaklak can lead to an increased risk of parasitic infections. The other options, influenza, hepatitis B, and measles, are not directly linked to poor hygiene and environmental conditions as parasitism is.

In a long term rehabilitation care unit a client with spinal cord injury complains of a pounding headache. The client is sitting in a wheelchair watching television in the assigned room. Further assessment by the nurse reveals excessive sweating, a splotchy rash, pilomotor erection, facial flushing, congested nasal passages and a heart rate of 50. The nurse should do which action next?

  • A. Take the client's respirations, blood pressure (BP), temperature and then pupillary responses
  • B. Place the client into the bed and administer the ordered PRN analgesic
  • C. Check the client for bladder distention and the client's urinary catheter for kinks
  • D. Turn the television off and then assist client to use relaxation techniques
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

The Food Fortification Act of 2000 provides for the mandatory fortification of staple foods, which includes:

  • A. Flour with iron
  • B. Refined sugar with iron
  • C. Cooking oil with vitamin A
  • D. Rice with vitamin A
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Flour with iron. The Food Fortification Act of 2000 mandates the fortification of flour with iron to address iron deficiency in the population. Refined sugar is not typically fortified with iron, making choice B incorrect. While cooking oil fortification with vitamin A is common in some regions, it is not specified under the Food Fortification Act of 2000, rendering choice C incorrect. Similarly, rice fortification with vitamin A is not included in the mandatory fortification list according to the act, making choice D incorrect.

A client has developed thrombophlebitis of the left leg. Which nursing intervention should be given the highest priority?

  • A. Elevate leg on 2 pillows
  • B. Apply support stockings
  • C. Apply warm compresses
  • D. Maintain complete bed rest
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The highest priority nursing intervention for a client with thrombophlebitis of the left leg is to elevate the leg on 2 pillows. Elevating the leg helps reduce swelling and pain associated with thrombophlebitis by promoting venous return. Applying support stockings (choice B) can be beneficial but is not the highest priority as elevation is more effective in the acute phase. Applying warm compresses (choice C) may worsen the condition by dilating the blood vessels, leading to increased pain and swelling. Maintaining complete bed rest (choice D) is important, but elevation takes precedence to improve circulation and reduce the risk of complications.

A client with a history of alcoholism is admitted to the hospital for detoxification. The nurse knows that the client's risk for withdrawal symptoms is greatest within:

  • A. 2-4 hours
  • B. 4-6 hours
  • C. 6-12 hours
  • D. 12-24 hours
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 12-24 hours. Withdrawal symptoms typically begin within 12-24 hours after the last drink. This period is when the client is at the highest risk for experiencing withdrawal symptoms. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not align with the typical timeline for alcohol withdrawal symptoms to manifest. Symptoms usually peak within the first 24 to 48 hours after the last drink, making the 12-24 hour window critical for monitoring and managing any potential withdrawal complications.

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