LPN Fundamentals Practice Questions

LPN Fundamentals Practice Questions Related

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A client with chronic kidney disease is being educated by a nurse about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

  • A. I should limit my intake of protein to prevent overworking my kidneys.
  • B. I should increase my intake of potassium-rich foods.
  • C. I should increase my intake of phosphorus-rich foods.
  • D. I should increase my intake of calcium-rich foods.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. In chronic kidney disease, limiting protein intake is crucial to prevent overworking the kidneys. Excessive protein consumption can lead to the accumulation of metabolic waste products that the kidneys struggle to process, worsening kidney function. Therefore, by recognizing the need to restrict protein intake, the client demonstrates an understanding of the dietary management required for their condition. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing intake of potassium-rich foods (Choice B) is not recommended in chronic kidney disease as it can lead to hyperkalemia. Similarly, increasing intake of phosphorus-rich foods (Choice C) is not advised because impaired kidneys struggle to excrete phosphorus, leading to elevated levels in the blood. Lastly, increasing intake of calcium-rich foods (Choice D) may not be necessary unless there is a specific deficiency or requirement, as calcium balance is often disrupted in chronic kidney disease.

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The nurse refused to perform a procedure she is not trained to do. This is an example of?

  • A. Accountability
  • B. Responsibility
  • C. Negligence
  • D. Malpractice
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Refusing an untrained procedure is responsibility (B) knowing limits, per duty. Accountability (A) owns actions, negligence (C) and malpractice (D) imply error. B ensures safe practice, making it correct.

Which is the most basic need according to Maslow's hierarchy of human needs?

  • A. Physical and psychological
  • B. Love and belonging
  • C. Physiological needs
  • D. The need for self-actualization
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy ranks physiological needs air, water, food, shelter as the most basic, foundational level for survival. Without these, higher needs cannot be pursued; for instance, a patient struggling to breathe (physiological) won't prioritize self-esteem. Physical and psychological isn't a Maslow category; it blends levels imprecisely. Love and belonging (e.g., relationships) is third-tier, reliant on physiological and safety needs being met first. Self-actualization, the top tier, involves personal fulfillment, achievable only after all lower needs are satisfied. In nursing, prioritizing physiological needs like oxygen for a hypoxic patient ensures life-sustaining care precedes emotional or growth-oriented interventions. Maslow's model underscores this hierarchy's logic: physiological stability is the bedrock, making it the most basic need driving human behavior and nursing priorities.

Which are goals of nursing theory?

  • A. Provide knowledge and a rationale for client interventions
  • B. Provide a rationale for appropriate nursing actions in a given situation
  • C. Identify and define concepts that are important to nursing
  • D. Provide a definition for nursing
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nursing theory serves as a foundational framework, guiding practice with clear goals. It provides knowledge and a rationale for client interventions, explaining why specific actions like wound care techniques benefit patients, rooted in conceptual understanding. It offers a rationale for appropriate nursing actions, ensuring responses to situations, such as pain management, are logical and effective. Identifying and defining concepts important to nursing like health or caring clarifies the discipline's focus, fostering consistency. Increasing the nursing body of knowledge expands its intellectual base through theoretical development. However, it doesn't provide a single definition for nursing, instead directing it toward a common purpose across diverse interpretations. These goals unify nursing, bridging theory to practice, and equip nurses to deliver informed, purposeful care that adapts to client needs and evolves with new insights.

During postoperative teaching following a hip arthroplasty, which instruction should the nurse include?

  • A. Avoid lying on your operative side.
  • B. Cross your legs at the ankles only.
  • C. Place a pillow between your legs when turning.
  • D. Avoid bending your hip more than 120 degrees.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct instruction for the nurse to include during postoperative teaching following a hip arthroplasty is to 'Place a pillow between your legs when turning.' Placing a pillow between the legs when turning is crucial as it helps prevent dislocation of the hip prosthesis. This position aids in maintaining proper alignment and stability, thereby reducing the risk of complications after hip arthroplasty surgery. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not directly address the specific action needed to protect the hip prosthesis and prevent complications.

When caring for a client with a spinal cord injury, the nurse continually monitors this client for which medical emergency?

  • A. Hemorrhage
  • B. Hypovolemic shock
  • C. Gastrointestinal atony
  • D. Autonomic hyperreflexia
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Autonomic hyperreflexia (D) is a medical emergency in spinal cord injury (SCI) above T6, causing severe hypertension from unopposed sympathetic response. Hemorrhage (A) or shock (B) requires trauma context. GI atony (C) is chronic, not emergent. D is correct. Rationale: Hyperreflexia, triggered by stimuli like bladder distension, can lead to stroke or death if untreated, requiring urgent monitoring and intervention, per SCI emergency protocols, unlike less acute complications.

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