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A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing difficulty breathing. What is the nurse's priority intervention?
- A. Administer a bronchodilator via nebulizer.
- B. Increase the client's oxygen flow rate.
- C. Elevate the head of the bed.
- D. Reposition the client to a side-lying position.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In clients with COPD experiencing difficulty breathing, increasing the client's oxygen flow rate is the priority intervention. This action helps to improve oxygenation and relieve shortness of breath. While bronchodilators and other medications may be necessary, providing immediate oxygen support is crucial. Elevating the head of the bed and repositioning the client can assist with breathing comfort but do not address the immediate need for improved oxygenation in COPD exacerbation.
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A client tells the nurse about working out with a personal trainer and swimming three times a week in an effort to lose weight and sleep better. The client states that it still takes hours to fall asleep at night. Which action should the nurse implement?
- A. Advise the client to reduce exercise intensity
- B. Ask the client for a description of the exercise schedule that is being followed
- C. Encourage the client to try relaxation techniques before bed
- D. Suggest avoiding water-based exercise before bed
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asking the client for a description of the exercise schedule being followed is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take in this scenario. Understanding the timing and intensity of the client's exercise routine can help identify if the activity is contributing to sleep disturbances. Exercise too close to bedtime can cause difficulty falling asleep. Choices A, C, and D do not directly address the need to assess the exercise schedule and may not provide the necessary information to identify the potential cause of the client's sleep issue.
A mother reports that she has been applying triple antibiotic ointment for her son's athlete's foot for two days with no improvement. What should the nurse instruct?
- A. Continue using the ointment and keep the area clean.
- B. Stop using the ointment and encourage the feet to be dried completely.
- C. Apply a different antifungal medication instead.
- D. Reapply the ointment twice a day for a longer period.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Antibiotic ointment is ineffective against athlete's foot, which is a fungal infection. The nurse should instruct the mother to stop using the ointment and ensure the feet are dried properly, as moisture exacerbates fungal infections. Applying a different antifungal medication is a valid option, but addressing the moisture issue by drying the feet completely is the immediate priority. Continuing to use the antibiotic ointment or reapplying it for a longer period will not treat the fungal infection effectively.
A client is experiencing shortness of breath and wheezing. What is the nurse's first action?
- A. Administer bronchodilator medication
- B. Check the client's oxygen saturation
- C. Encourage the client to use pursed-lip breathing
- D. Elevate the head of the bed
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Administering a bronchodilator is the priority intervention to open the airways and relieve wheezing and shortness of breath. Bronchodilators work quickly to dilate the airways, making it easier for the client to breathe. Checking oxygen saturation is important but can be done after initiating bronchodilator therapy. Encouraging pursed-lip breathing and elevating the head of the bed can help improve breathing patterns but should follow the administration of the bronchodilator.
The nurse is caring for a group of clients with the help of a PN. Which nursing actions should the nurse assign to the PN?
- A. All of the above
- B. Administer a dose of insulin per sliding scale for a client with Type 2 DM
- C. Obtain postoperative vital signs for a client one day following unilateral knee arthroplasty
- D. Perform daily surgical dressing change for a client who had an abdominal hysterectomy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: All of these tasks fall within the PN's scope of practice, which includes performing surgical dressing changes, taking postoperative vital signs, and administering insulin under supervision. The RN can delegate these tasks to the PN safely. Choice A is the correct answer because all the tasks mentioned are appropriate for delegation to a PN. Choice B should not be assigned to a PN as only RNs should administer insulin. Choice C is suitable for delegation to a PN as obtaining vital signs falls within their scope of practice. Choice D is also appropriate for delegation to a PN as performing surgical dressing changes is within their scope of practice.
A client is prescribed metformin for type 2 diabetes. What should the nurse emphasize in the client's teaching?
- A. Take the medication with meals to reduce the risk of GI upset.
- B. Report any muscle pain to the healthcare provider promptly.
- C. Avoid alcohol consumption while taking this medication.
- D. Monitor blood sugar levels regularly to prevent hypoglycemia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is to avoid alcohol consumption while taking metformin. Alcohol can increase the risk of lactic acidosis when combined with metformin. Choice A is incorrect because metformin is usually recommended to be taken with meals to reduce GI upset. Choice B is important but not the priority; muscle pain is more commonly associated with other diabetes medications. Choice D is incorrect because metformin typically does not cause hypoglycemia but rather helps control blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes.