Nokea
A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing dyspnea and has a low PaO2 level. The nurse plans to administer oxygen as ordered. Which of the following statements is true concerning oxygen administration to a client with COPD?
- A. High oxygen concentrations will cause coughing and dyspnea.
- B. High oxygen concentrations may inhibit the hypoxic stimulus to breathe.
- C. Increased oxygen use will cause the client to become dependent on the oxygen.
- D. Administration of oxygen is contraindicated in clients who are using bronchodilators.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In COPD, high oxygen concentrations may suppress the hypoxic drive to breathe, risking CO2 retention. Oxygen does not cause coughing, dependency, or contraindication with bronchodilators.
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What is the nurse's best action for a client with a C6 spinal cord injury?
- A. Assess respiratory status.
- B. Check bladder function.
- C. Monitor skin integrity.
- D. Evaluate motor strength.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Assessing respiratory status is the priority due to potential diaphragmatic impairment in a C6 injury.
The nurse is observing a nursing student prepare to give an intramuscular (IM) injection in a client's deltoid. Which action by the student requires follow-up?
- A. Depresses the plunger of the syringe during the insertion of the needle
- B. Locates the injection site 3 finger widths below the acromion process
- C. Positions the client either lying or sitting position
- D. Dons clean gloves before administering the injection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Depressing the plunger during needle insertion can cause medication to leak into subcutaneous tissue, leading to improper administration and potential tissue damage.
Which nursing intervention has been found to be the most effective means of preventing plantar flexion in a client who has had a stroke with residual paralysis?
- A. Place the client's feet against a firm footboard.
- B. Reposition the client every 2 hours.
- C. Have the client wear ankle-high tennis shoes at intervals throughout the day.
- D. Massage the client's feet and ankles regularly.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A firm footboard maintains the foot in a neutral position, preventing plantar flexion contractures. Repositioning, shoes, or massage are less effective for this specific purpose.
Which of the following nursing interventions is appropriate for a client with an increased intracranial pressure (ICP) of 20 mm Hg?
- A. Give the client a warming blanket.
- B. Administer low-dose barbiturates.
- C. Encourage the client to hyperventilate.
- D. Restrict fluids.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Low-dose barbiturates can reduce cerebral metabolism and ICP, making them appropriate in some cases under medical supervision. Warming blankets increase metabolic demand, hyperventilation is no longer routinely recommended due to risks of cerebral vasoconstriction, and fluid restriction is not standard for ICP management unless specifically indicated.
Experimental and epidemiologic evidence suggests that a high-fat diet increases the risk of several cancers. Which of the following cancers is linked to a high-fat diet?
- A. Ovarian.
- B. Lung.
- C. Colon.
- D. Liver.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A high-fat diet is strongly associated with an increased risk of colon cancer, as it can promote inflammation and alter gut microbiota, contributing to carcinogenesis.