Medical Surgical ATI Proctored Exam

Medical Surgical ATI Proctored Exam Related

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A client with COPD is developing a plan of care. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?

  • A. Restrict the client's fluid intake to less than 2 L/day
  • B. Provide the client with a low-protein diet
  • C. Have the client use the early-morning hours for exercise and activity
  • D. Instruct the client to use pursed-lip breathing
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Instruct the client to use pursed-lip breathing. Pursed-lip breathing helps improve ventilation and decrease air trapping in clients with COPD, enhancing oxygenation and reducing shortness of breath. It also facilitates better gas exchange and can help the client manage their symptoms effectively.
A: Restricting fluid intake is not typically indicated for clients with COPD unless they have comorbid conditions that require fluid restriction.
B: Providing a low-protein diet is not a standard intervention for COPD management. Protein is important for muscle strength and repair in these clients.
C: While exercise and activity are beneficial for clients with COPD, instructing them to do so specifically in the early-morning hours is not a priority intervention compared to pursed-lip breathing.

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A clinical polysomnography (PSG) may be performed on a patient with signs and symptoms of a sleep disorder. What measures and observations does this study include (select all that apply)?

  • A. Heart rate monitoring
  • B. Noninvasive oxygen saturation (SpO2)
  • C. Surface body temperature fluctuations
  • D. Blood pressure monitoring (noninvasive)
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answers are A, B, E, F, G, H, and I. PSG includes heart rate, SpO2, airflow, muscle tone, respiratory effort, eye movements, and brain activity. Surface body temperature (C) and actigraphy (J) are not typically part of PSG.

The nurse knows that the most likely cause of the HSV-1 infection in a client with HIV infection is:

  • A. Immunosuppression.
  • B. Emotional stress.
  • C. Unprotected sexual activities.
  • D. Contact with saliva.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: HSV-1 thrives in immunocompromised individuals due to weakened immune defenses.

In assisting clients with vertigo and balance problems, which team members (RN, LPN/LVN, MD, physical therapist, nursing assistant), working under appropriate supervision, should be assigned to fulfill each task?

  • A. Assess and identify the etiology of vertigo.
  • B. Assist the client in routine position change and ambulation.
  • C. Administer antivertigo agents, such as meclizine (Antivert).
  • D. Obtain informed consent for a labyrinthectomy.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Assessment and identification of the etiology of vertigo require advanced clinical judgment, making this task appropriate for an RN or MD.

A client develops a pulmonary embolism. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement first?

  • A. Give morphine IV.
  • B. Administer oxygen therapy.
  • C. Start an IV infusion of lactated Ringer's.
  • D. Initiate cardiac monitoring.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Administer oxygen therapy. Oxygen therapy is the priority intervention for a client with a pulmonary embolism to ensure adequate oxygenation and prevent hypoxia. This helps improve oxygen levels in the blood and supports vital organ function. Morphine IV (choice A) may be given for pain relief but is not the initial priority. Starting an IV infusion of lactated Ringer's (choice C) and initiating cardiac monitoring (choice D) may be necessary but do not address the immediate need for oxygenation in a pulmonary embolism.

A nurse is teaching a client about intestinal ova and parasites. Which of the following instructions should a nurse provide clients suspected of having intestinal ova and parasites?

  • A. Avoid beef products.
  • B. Take precautions to avoid direct sunlight.
  • C. Increase the intake of between-meal supplements.
  • D. Perform scrupulous handwashing.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because handwashing is a key preventive measure against the spread of intestinal parasites.

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