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A client with Crohn's disease, an autoimmune disorder, reports not having had any symptoms of the disease in 8 months. What does the nurse understand this asymptomatic period is referred to?
- A. An exacerbation
- B. Remission
- C. A cure
- D. An acute inflammatory response
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Periods of remission refer to times when the client has no symptoms. The duration of these periods is completely unpredictable. An exacerbation is periods of acute flare-ups when the client often experiences a low-grade fever, malaise, or fatigue. The client may also lose weight. Other symptoms such as pain and diarrhea can be associated with a flare-up of Crohn's disease. The client is not having an acute inflammatory response that would be considered an exacerbation.
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A client sustained an injury in one eye during a basketball game after being hit with another player's elbow. The client reports now having difficulty with vision in the other eye too, although that eye was not hit by the elbow. What does the nurse understand this phenomenon to be known as?
- A. Cataracts
- B. Psychosomatic blindness
- C. Glaucoma
- D. Sympathetic uveitis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When a person experiences trauma followed by inflammation to the iris, ciliary body, and choroid layer of one eye, the vision in the untraumatized eye also becomes affected. The term for this phenomenon is sympathetic uveitis. Cataracts do not occur from trauma, they develop over time. Psychosomatic blindness does not relate to the client's visual disturbance because the client is not blind at this time. Glaucoma is an eye disorder that occurs over time and is not related to trauma to the eye.
A client is taking oral corticosteroids after having an exacerbation of asthma. What should the nurse be sure to include when instructing the client how to take the medication?
- A. The medication will cause weight loss.
- B. The medication will cause drowsiness so do not drive.
- C. Take the medication on an empty stomach to increase absorption.
- D. Take the medication in the morning with food.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Taking the oral corticosteroids in the morning with food will help reduce the gastrointestinal upset that may be experienced. The medication causes weight gain not weight loss, does not cause drowsiness, and should not be taken on an empty stomach.
A client informs the nurse of being very allergic to poison ivy but expresses enjoying and having several camping trips planned for the summer months. What suggestions can the nurse make to protect the client against poison ivy?
- A. Calamine lotion prior to the exposure of the poison ivy and any time skin gets wet
- B. Bentoquatam 5% applied 15 minutes prior to exposure and every 4 hours
- C. Vinegar and water applied to the skin every 2 hours
- D. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 50 mg taken prior to the camping trip
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To protect against poison ivy, clients can apply bentoquatam 5% to the skin 15 minutes prior to exposure and at least every 4 hours as long as risk of exposure continues. The cream forms a protective layer on top of the skin. Calamine lotion can be used for the itching related to poison ivy exposure. Vinegar and water is not an effective way to manage the prevention of poison ivy. Benadryl will not protect against poison ivy.
The nurse is caring for a client with an autoimmune disease. What is a characteristic of autoimmune disorders?
- A. Progressive tissue damage without any verifiable etiology
- B. Absence of a triggering event
- C. Profound fatigue with no identifiable cause
- D. Affects only older adults and infants less than 3 months
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diseases are considered autoimmune disorders and are characterized by unrelenting, progressive tissue damage without any verifiable etiology. In many autoimmune disorders, there tends to be a triggering event, such as an infection, trauma, or introduction of a drug that integrates itself into the membranes of the host's cells. Although older adults face a greater risk of developing autoimmune disorders, persons belonging to any age-group can be affected. Chronic fatigue syndrome is primarily characterized by profound fatigue with no identifiable cause, and this is not a characteristic of autoimmune disorders.
A client is scheduled for diagnostic skin testing in 1 week. What should the nurse be sure to instruct the client prior to the scheduled appointment?
- A. Do not take prescribed or over-the-counter antihistamines or cold preparations for at least 72 hours before testing.
- B. Do not take antihypertensive medications the morning of the scheduled skin testing.
- C. Do not take non steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) medications for 1 week prior to the scheduled skin testing.
- D. Prior to having the skin test, have the client take an over-the-counter histamine prophylactically for any possible reaction that could cause anaphylaxis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse instructs clients who are scheduled for diagnostic skin testing to avoid taking prescribed or over-the-counter antihistamines or cold preparations for at least 48 to 72 hours before testing. Doing so reduces the potential for false-negative results. Clients must temporarily discontinue some medications for even longer. Antihypertensive medication should not be omitted the day of the procedure. It is not necessary to omit the use of NSAIDs.