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A client with cystic fibrosis exhibits activity intolerance related to the pulmonary problems associated with his disease. However, he needs to be encouraged to participate in daily physical exercise. The ultimate aim of exercise is to:
- A. Create a sense of well-being and self-worth
- B. Help him overcome respiratory infections
- C. Establish an effective, habitual breathing pattern
- D. Promote normal growth and development
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Physical exercise is an important adjunct to chest physiotherapy. It stimulates mucus secretion, promotes a feeling of well-being, and helps to establish a habitual breathing pattern.
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When discussing the relationship between exercise and insulin requirements, a 26-year-old client with IDDM should be instructed that:
- A. When exercise is increased, insulin needs are increased
- B. When exercise is increased, insulin needs are decreased
- C. When exercise is increased, there is no change in insulin needs
- D. When exercise is decreased, insulin needs are decreased
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Exercise decreased the blood sugar by promoting uptake of glucose by the muscles. Consequently, less insulin is needed to metabolize ingested carbohydrates. Extra food may be required for extra activity.
A client diagnosed with bipolar disorder continues to be hyperactive and to lose weight. Which of the following nutritional interventions would be most therapeutic for him at this time?
- A. Small, frequent feedings of foods that can be carried
- B. Tube feedings with nutritional supplements
- C. Allowing him to eat when and what he wants
- D. Giving him a quiet place where he can sit down to eat meals
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The manic client is unable to sit still long enough to eat an adequate meal. Small, frequent feedings with finger foods allow him to eat during periods of activity. This type of therapy should be implemented when other methods have been exhausted. The manic client should not be in control of his treatment plan. This type of client may forget to eat. The manic client is unable to sit down to eat full meals.
The RN on the oncology unit is preparing to mix and administer amphoteracin B (Fungizone) to a client. Which action is contraindicated for administering this drug IV?
- A. Mix the drug with normal saline solution.
- B. Administer the drug over 4-6 hours.
- C. Hydrate with IV fluids two hours before the infusion is scheduled to begin.
- D. Premedicate the client with ordered acetaminophen (Tylenol) and diphenhydramine (Benadryl).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amphotericin B should be mixed with D5W, not normal saline, due to stability issues. Slow infusion (B), hydration (C), and premedication (D) are standard practices.
A client with a history of a kidney stone is being discharged. The nurse should teach the client to:
- A. Increase fluid intake
- B. Avoid dairy products
- C. Limit protein intake
- D. Take vitamin C supplements
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increasing fluid intake prevents kidney stone recurrence by diluting urine and flushing crystals. Dairy, protein, and vitamin C restrictions depend on stone type but are secondary.
A client with a history of chronic migraines is admitted with complaints of photophobia. The nurse should give priority to:
- A. Providing a dark environment
- B. Administering pain medication
- C. Monitoring blood pressure
- D. Administering oxygen
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A dark environment reduces photophobia in migraines, improving comfort and reducing symptom severity.