Nokea
A client with diabetes is receiving an oral antidiabetic agent that acts to help the tissues use available insulin more efficiently. Which of the following agents would the nurse expect to administer?
- A. Metformin
- B. Glyburide
- C. Repaglinide
- D. Glipizide
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metformin, a biguanide, enhances insulin sensitivity in tissues, improving glucose uptake. Glyburide, glipizide (sulfonylureas), and repaglinide (meglitinide) stimulate insulin release from the pancreas, not tissue sensitivity.
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A client reports taking oral medication for control of sugar problems. Which is the best nursing interpretation of this verbal accounting?
- A. Lack of knowledge of disease process
- B. Client has type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- C. Client has prediabetes mellitus.
- D. Lack of knowledge on medication regime
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oral antidiabetic medications are typically prescribed for type 2 diabetes, indicating the client likely has this condition. Prediabetes is not treated with medication, and there is insufficient information to assume a lack of knowledge about the disease or medication.
A client with type 2 diabetes is informed of being unable to have a pancreatic transplant and asks the nurse why this is. Which reason would the nurse provide to the client?
- A. Increased risk for urologic complications
- B. Need for exocrine enzymatic drainage
- C. Underlying problem of insulin resistance
- D. Need for lifelong immunosuppressive therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Clients with type 2 diabetes have insulin resistance, which a pancreas transplant does not address, as the issue lies in tissue response rather than insulin production. Urologic complications and exocrine drainage are not primary reasons, and while immunosuppressive therapy is required, it is not specific to type 2 diabetes.
A client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse why injection site rotation is important. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Avoid infection.
- B. Promote absorption.
- C. Minimize discomfort.
- D. Prevent muscle destruction.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rotating injection sites prevents lipodystrophy (fat buildup or breakdown), ensuring consistent insulin absorption. While infection and discomfort are concerns, they are not the primary reasons. Insulin is not injected into muscle, so muscle destruction is irrelevant.
The nurse is explaining glycosylated hemoglobin testing to a diabetic client. Which of the following provides the best reason for this order?
- A. Provides best information on the body's ability to maintain normal blood functioning
- B. Best indicator for the nutritional state of the client.
- C. Is less costly than performing daily blood sugar test
- D. Reflects the amount of glucose stored in hemoglobin over past several months
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measures glucose bound to hemoglobin over its 120-day lifespan, reflecting long-term glucose control. It does not assess overall blood functioning, nutritional status, or cost relative to daily testing, which is still necessary for insulin-dependent clients.
The client with diabetes asks the nurse why shoes and socks are removed at each office visit. The nurse gives which assessment finding as the explanation for the inspection of feet?
- A. Autonomic neuropathy
- B. Retinopathy
- C. Sensory neuropathy
- D. Nephropathy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sensory neuropathy from poor glucose control reduces foot sensation, increasing injury risk. Regular foot inspections detect issues early. Autonomic neuropathy affects organs, retinopathy affects eyes, and nephropathy affects kidneys, not directly related to foot injuries.