Nokea
A client with diabetes is taking insulin lispro (Humalog) injections. The nurse should advise the client to eat:
- A. Within 10 to 15 minutes after the injection.
- B. 1 hour after the injection.
- C. At any time, because timing of meals with lispro injections is unnecessary.
- D. 2 hours before the injection.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin lispro is rapid-acting, with onset within 15 minutes. Eating within 10–15 minutes prevents hypoglycemia by matching food intake to insulin action.
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The client who experiences angina has been told to follow a low-cholesterol diet. Which of the following meals should the nurse tell the client would be best on her low-cholesterol diet?
- A. Hamburger, salad, and milkshake.
- B. Baked liver, green beans, and coffee.
- C. Spaghetti with tomato sauce, salad, and coffee.
- D. Fried chicken, green beans, and skim milk.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Spaghetti with tomato sauce, salad, and coffee is low in cholesterol, unlike hamburger, liver, or fried chicken, which contain higher cholesterol or saturated fats.
In planning the care for a client who has had a posterior fossa (infratentorial) craniotomy, which of the following is contraindicated when positioning the client?
- A. Keeping the client flat on one side or the other.
- B. Elevating the head of the bed to 30 degrees.
- C. Logrolling or turning as a unit when turning.
- D. Keeping the neck in a neutral position.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Keeping the client flat is contraindicated after a posterior fossa craniotomy, as it increases ICP. Elevating the head, logrolling, and neutral neck positioning promote venous drainage and spinal alignment, reducing ICP risk.
Which explanation would be most appropriate for a child when teaching him about general anesthesia induction?
- A. œYou will be given an injection before you go to sleep.'
- B. œYou will breathe in oxygen through a facial mask and receive intravenous medication to make you sleepy.'
- C. œYou will receive intravenous medication to make you sleepy.'
- D. œYou will breathe in medication through a facial mask to make you sleepy.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For a child, explaining inhalation of medication via a mask is age-appropriate, as it's less frightening than mentioning injections and aligns with common pediatric anesthesia induction methods.
The nurse is caring for a client with acute angle-closure glaucoma of the right eye. It would be correct to place the client in which position?
- A. Trendelenburg
- B. Supine
- C. Right lateral decubitus with head end elevated
- D. Prone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Supine position is appropriate for angle-closure glaucoma to avoid increasing intraocular pressure. Trendelenburg and prone positions may worsen pressure, and right lateral decubitus is not specific to this condition.
The nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client with cirrhosis. Which of the following statements best indicates that the client has understood the teaching?
- A. I should eat a high-protein, high-carbohydrate diet to provide energy.'
- B. It is safer for me to take acetaminophen (Tylenol) for pain instead of aspirin.'
- C. I should avoid constipation to decrease chances of bleeding.'
- D. If I get enough rest and follow my diet, it is possible for my cirrhosis to be cured.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Avoiding constipation (C) prevents ammonia buildup and bleeding risks. High-protein diets (A) may worsen encephalopathy, acetaminophen (B) is hepatotoxic, and cirrhosis is irreversible (D).