Nokea
A client with diabetes mellitus asks the nurse to recommend something to remove corns from his toes. The nurse should advise the client to:
- A. Apply a high-quality corn plaster to the area.
- B. Consult a physician or podiatrist about removing the corns.
- C. Apply iodine to the corns before peeling them off.
- D. Soak the feet in borax solution to peel off the corns.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Corns should be professionally removed by a physician or podiatrist to avoid injury or infection, especially in diabetic clients with poor healing.
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The nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection to a neonate. Which gauge and size needle should the nurse use to administer the medication?
- A. 19 gauge, 1 1/2" (3.8 cm) needle
- B. 18 gauge, 1" (2.5 cm) needle
- C. 20 gauge, 1" (2.5 cm) needle
- D. 25 gauge, 5/8" (1.6 cm) needle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A 25-gauge, 5/8" needle is appropriate for neonates due to their small muscle mass and thin subcutaneous tissue, minimizing trauma.
The nurse is preparing to teach a client with microcytic hypochromic anemia about the diet to follow after discharge. Which of the following foods should be included in the diet?
- A. Eggs.
- B. Lettuce.
- C. Citrus fruits.
- D. Cheese.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Microcytic hypochromic anemia is often caused by iron deficiency. Eggs are a good source of dietary iron, particularly heme iron, which is well-absorbed by the body. Lettuce and citrus fruits do not provide significant iron, though citrus fruits can enhance iron absorption when consumed with iron-rich foods. Cheese is not a significant source of iron. Therefore, eggs should be included in the diet.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may be prescribed for the client with diabetes mellitus to reduce vascular changes and possibly prevent or delay development of:
- A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- B. Pancreatic cancer.
- C. Renal failure.
- D. Cerebrovascular accident.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ACE inhibitors protect against renal failure in diabetes by reducing vascular damage and proteinuria.
The client with Ménière'sdisease is instructed to modify his diet. The nurse should explain that the most frequently recommended diet modification for the client's disease is:
- A. Low sodium.
- B. High protein.
- C. Low carbohydrate.
- D. Low fat.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A low-sodium diet is recommended for Ménière'sdisease to reduce fluid retention in the inner ear, which can decrease the frequency and severity of vertigo attacks.
The client is diagnosed in the emergency department with a detached retina in the right eye. The nurse should do which of the following first?
- A. Apply compresses to the eye.
- B. Administer analgesics to reduce pain.
- C. Remove all bed pillows.
- D. Promote measures that limit mobility.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Limiting mobility is the priority to prevent further detachment of the retina by reducing eye movement and strain until surgical intervention can be performed.