Nokea
A client with gout who was started on allopurinol a week ago calls the health care provider’s office with several concerns. The nurse should recognize which report by the client as being significant and requiring immediate follow-up?
- A. Also takes ibuprofen for pain
- B. Frequency of urination has increased
- C. Mild red rash has developed over torso
- D. Nausea occurs after each dose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A rash (C) may indicate a hypersensitivity reaction to allopurinol, potentially progressing to severe conditions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome, requiring immediate follow-up. Ibuprofen (A), urination (B), and nausea (D) are less urgent.
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A 1-year-old boy is hospitalized for a fractured femur. There is a PRN order for pain medication. What is the best way to assess the child for pain?
- A. Ask the parent who is present if the child appears to be in pain.
- B. Observe the child's behavior carefully.
- C. Ask the child where it hurts and how badly it hurts.
- D. Have the child look at pictures of faces and select the one that best describes how he feels right now.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A 1-year-old cannot verbalize pain; observing behavior (e.g., crying, guarding) is the most reliable pain assessment method.
Laboratory results
WBC
5000-10,000/mm³
(5-10 × 10⁹/L) 1400/mm3
(1.4 × 109/L)
Hemoglobin
Male: 14-18 g/dL
(140-180 g/L)
Female: 12-16 g/dL
(120-160 g/L) 10 g/dL
(100 g/L)
Absolute neutrophil count
2500-8000/mm³
(2.5-8 × 10⁹/L) 500/mm3
(0.5 × 109/L)
Potassium
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
(3.5-5.0 mmol/L) 3.4 mEq/L
(3.4 mmol/L)
Platelets
150,000-400,000/mm³
(150-400 × 10⁹/L) 150,000/mm3
(150 × 109/L)
A client in the hospital is receiving chemotherapy. Based on today’s blood laboratory results, which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Check for hematuria
- B. Check for peaked T waves
- C. Obtain prescription for epoetin alfa
- D. Place a face mask on the client
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chemotherapy often causes neutropenia, increasing infection risk. A face mask (D) protects the client. Hematuria (A), peaked T waves (B), and epoetin (C) address other issues not directly indicated.
The nurse is reviewing lifestyle and nutritional strategies to help cables symptoms in a client with newly diagnosed gastroesophageal reflux disease. Which strategies should the nurse include? Select all that apply.
- A. Choose foods that are low in fat
- B. Do not consume any foods containing dairy
- C. Eat three large meals a day and minimize snacking
- D. Limit or eliminate the use of alcohol and tobacco
- E. Try to avoid caffeine, chocolate, and peppermint
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: GERD management focuses on reducing esophageal irritation. Low-fat foods (A) reduce gastric acid secretion and reflux risk. Limiting alcohol and tobacco (D) prevents lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and mucosal irritation. Avoiding caffeine, chocolate, and peppermint (E) minimizes sphincter relaxation. Dairy (B) is not universally contraindicated unless lactose intolerance is present. Large meals (C) increase gastric pressure, worsening reflux.
A client diagnosed with endometrial cancer is receiving brachytherapy. Which interventions should the nurse anticipate for this client? Select all that apply.
- A. Cluster care to limit each staff member's time in the room
- B. Instruct the client to be up and around in the room but not to leave the room
- C. Remind family members and visitors to limit close contact with the client
- D. Use protective shielding, if available, when providing direct client care
- E. Wear a radiation badge while in the client's room to measure radiation exposure
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Brachytherapy involves internal radiation, requiring precautions to minimize exposure. Clustering care (A) reduces staff exposure time. Limiting visitor contact (C) protects others from radiation. Protective shielding (D) and radiation badges (E) ensure safety and monitor exposure. Ambulation (B) is restricted to prevent dislodging the radiation source.
Which medication prescriptions should the nurse question? Select all that apply.
- A. Cephalexin for a client with severe allergy to penicillin
- B. Fexofenadine for a client with hives
- C. Ibuprofen for a client with asthma and nasal polyps
- D. Lisinopril for a client with diabetes mellitus
- E. Propranolol for a client with asthma
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Cephalexin (A) is contraindicated in penicillin allergy due to cross-reactivity risk. Ibuprofen (C) can trigger bronchospasm in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, common in asthma with nasal polyps. Propranolol (E) is contraindicated in asthma due to beta-blockade causing bronchoconstriction. Fexofenadine (B) is safe for hives, and lisinopril (D) is appropriate for diabetes to protect kidneys.