Nokea
If the Thomson model of the atom had been correct, Rutherford would have observed:
- A. Alpha particles going through the foil with little or no deflection.
- B. Alpha particles greatly deflected by the metal foil.
- C. Alpha particles bouncing off the foil.
- D. Positive particles formed in the foil.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Alpha particles greatly deflected by the metal foil. In the Thomson model, the atom was thought to be a uniform, positively charged sphere. If this model had been correct, alpha particles would have passed through the foil with little or no deflection. However, Rutherford observed significant deflections, indicating a concentrated positive charge at the center (nucleus). This aligns with the concept of the Rutherford model of the atom. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not correspond to the experimental observations made by Rutherford.
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How many significant figures are there in the number 04560700?
- A. 4
- B. 5
- C. 7
- D. 8
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (5 significant figures) because leading zeros are not considered significant. In the number 04560700, the zeros before the 4 are placeholders and do not add to the precision of the number. Therefore, only the digits 4, 5, 6, 0, and 7 are significant. Choice A (4) is incorrect because it does not account for the zeros after the 6. Choice C (7) is incorrect as it counts all the digits including the leading zeros. Choice D (8) is incorrect as it includes all the digits, including non-significant zeros.
You are asked to determine the perimeter of the cover of your textbook. You measure the length as 36 cm and the width as 83 cm. How many significant figures should you report for the perimeter?
- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 3
- D. 4
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C (3 significant figures). When calculating the perimeter of a rectangle, you add all the sides together. In this case, the perimeter would be 2(36 cm + 83 cm) = 238 cm. The least precise measurement given (83 cm) has 2 significant figures. Therefore, the final answer should be reported with the same number of significant figures as the least precise measurement, which is 3.
Summary:
A: 1 significant figure is too few.
B: 2 significant figures are based on the least precise measurement.
D: 4 significant figures are too many as it should match the least precise measurement.
Generally, observed behavior that can be formulated into a statement, sometimesmathematical in nature, is called a(n)
- A. observation
- B. measuremen t
- C. theory
- D. natural law
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: observation. Observations are specific instances of behavior that can be described and formulated into statements, including mathematical ones. Measurements (choice B) involve quantifying observations. Theories (choice C) are broader explanations based on observations. Natural laws (choice D) are general principles derived from consistent observations. In this context, the term "observed behavior" specifically points to the act of witnessing and formulating statements about behavior, making choice A the most suitable option.
An ion is formed
- A. By either adding or subtracting protons from the atom.
- B. By either adding or subtracting electrons from the atom
- C. By either adding or subtracting neutrons from the atom.
- D. All of the above are true.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: By either adding or subtracting protons from the atom. An ion is formed when an atom gains or loses electrons, leading to an unequal number of protons and electrons. Protons determine the atom's identity, so changing the number of protons would result in a different element. This process results in the formation of ions with a positive charge if protons are added or a negative charge if protons are subtracted. Choices B and C are incorrect because adding or subtracting electrons or neutrons does not change the fundamental identity of the atom, only its charge or mass. Choice D is incorrect as not all options are true for ion formation.
Convert 0494 to L. (54 cm = 1 in., 1 L = 1 )
- A. 1.40 101 L
- B. 1.40 L
- C. 1.51 10 3 L
- D. 1.74 10 3 L
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To convert 0494 to L, we first convert it to inches: 494 cm ÷ 54 cm/in = 9.148 in. Then, we convert inches to L: 9.148 in × 1 L/54 in = 0.169 L. The correct answer is A: 1.40 101 L, which is the correct conversion of 0.169 L to scientific notation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect due to incorrect conversions or not being in scientific notation.