Nokea
A client with HIV will be started on a medication regimen of three medications. What class of drugs will the nurse instruct the client about?
- A. Anticholinergics
- B. Disinhibitors
- C. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- D. Hydroxyurea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reverse transcriptase inhibitors are drugs that interfere with the virus' ability to make a genetic blueprint. A protease inhibitor is a drug that inhibits the ability of virus particles to leave the host cell. The integrase inhibitors are a class of drug that prevents the incorporation of viral DNA into the host cell's DNA. Hydroxyurea is a drug that is used as an adjunct therapy that tries to halt the progression of AIDS.
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A client visits the nurse complaining of diarrhea after every meal. The client has AIDS and wants to know what to do to stop having diarrhea. What should the nurse advise?
- A. Avoid fibrous foods, lactose, fat, and caffeine.
- B. Encourage large, high-fat meals.
- C. Reduce food intake.
- D. Increase the intake of iron and zinc.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diarrhea may subside when the client avoids residue, lactose, fat, and caffeine. Although eating may seem to cause diarrhea, the client must understand that limiting the intake of food to control diarrhea only exacerbates wasting. The client will tolerate a low-fat, high-carbohydrate, and soft or liquid diet better than large, high-fat meals. The client should be advised to avoid large doses of iron and zinc because they can impair the functioning of the immune system.
A client is to have a hip replacement in 3 months and does not want a blood transfusion from random donors. What option can the nurse discuss with the client?
- A. Sign a refusal of blood transfusion form so the client will not receive the transfusion.
- B. Bank autologous blood.
- C. Ask people to donate blood.
- D. Use volume expanders in case blood is needed.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Banking autologous blood that is self-donated is the safest option for the client. Signing the refusal form does not give the client any information about the options that are available and places the client at risk. Directed donor blood may be no safer than blood collected from public donors. Those who support this belief say that directed donors may not reveal their high-risk behaviors that put the potential recipient at risk for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV.
The nurse is preparing to start an IV for a client who is combative. What precautionary measure should the nurse take in order to avoid a needlestick?
- A. Have the client placed in restraints.
- B. Ask for assistance.
- C. Refuse to start the IV.
- D. Give the client a sedative prior to starting the IV.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If a client is uncooperative, the nurse should request assistance when starting IV therapy. Restraints can cause the client to become more agitated and less cooperative. Sedation can be considered chemical restraint and can have side effects that are undesirable. Refusing to start the IV will not allow the client to receive the care required.
A client will be having a surgical procedure and wants a family member to donate the blood for directed donor donation. What factor would prohibit the family member from donating the blood?
- A. The family member is 15 years of age.
- B. The family member weighs 124 lb.
- C. The family member is negative for HIV.
- D. The physician has been notified of the procedure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The donor must be at least 17 years of age, weigh 110 lb or more, and test negative for HIV, and the client's physician must be informed of the procedure.
A client is considering beginning sexual relations and wants to know the best way to be protected from a sexually transmitted infection and HIV. What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. Using a latex condom and spermicidal jelly is one of the most effective ways to decrease the risk of transmission of an STI and HIV.'
- B. Using a diaphragm with spermicidal jelly will kill the bacteria and viruses that transmit STIs and HIV.'
- C. Using a lamb skin condom will be the most effective way to decrease transmission of STIs and HIV.'
- D. Douching immediately after intercourse will be the most effective way to kill bacteria and viruses.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Using a latex condom with spermicide is one of the most effective ways to reduce the risk of HIV infection. Condoms are available for both men and women. A diaphragm would not be the most effective way because there is no protection for the penis or vagina. A lamb skin condom is not effective to prevent the transmission of HIV. Douching after intercourse is not an effective method to avoid transmission and does not offer protection from secretions that are already present.