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A client with newly diagnosed breast cancer has a nursing diagnosis of deficient knowledge related to insufficient information (about breast cancer). When the nurse is planning teaching for the client, which is the most important initial learning goal?
- A. The client will select the most appropriate breast cancer therapy.
- B. The client will state ways of preventing the recurrence of the tumour.
- C. The client will demonstrate coping skills needed to manage the disease.
- D. The client will choose methods to minimize adverse effects of treatment.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adults learn best when given information that can be used immediately. The first action the client will need to take after a cancer diagnosis is to choose a treatment option. The other goals may be appropriate as treatment progresses.
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A client with poor circulation to the feet requires teaching about foot care. Which learning goal should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
- A. The nurse will demonstrate the proper technique for trimming toenails.
- B. The client will list three ways to protect the feet from injury by discharge.
- C. The nurse will instruct the client on appropriate foot care before discharge.
- D. The client will understand the rationale for proper foot care after instruction.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Learning goals should state clear, measurable outcomes of what is to be accomplished from the learning process. Demonstrating a proper technique or providing instruction are actions that the nurse will take, rather than behaviours that would indicate if client learning has occurred. Having the client understand the rationale for proper foot care after instruction is an example of a learning outcome.
A client admitted to the hospital with hyperglycemia and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus is scheduled for discharge the second day after admission. When implementing client teaching, which is the best action for the nurse to take?
- A. Instruct about the increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
- B. Provide detailed information about dietary control of glucose.
- C. Teach glucose self-monitoring and medication administration.
- D. Give information about the effects of exercise on glucose control.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When time is limited, the nurse should focus on the priorities of teaching. In this situation, the client should know how to test blood glucose and administer medications to control glucose levels. The client will need further teaching about the role of diet, exercise, various medications, and the many potential complications of diabetes, but these topics can be addressed through planning for appropriate referrals.
An older-adult client is seen at the health clinic and diagnosed with protein malnutrition. Which of the following actions is priority to be included in the teaching plan?
- A. Suggest the use of liquid supplements as a way to increase protein intake.
- B. Encourage the client to increase the dietary intake of meat, cheese, and milk.
- C. Ask the client to record the intake of all foods and beverages for a 3-day period.
- D. Focus on the use of combinations of beans and rice to improve daily protein intake.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assessment is the first step in assisting a client with health changes. The other answers may be appropriate for the client, but the nurse will not be able to determine this until the assessment of the client is complete.
The nurse is preparing written handouts to be used as part of the standardized teaching plan for clients who have been recently diagnosed with diabetes and requires an awareness of literacy levels. Which of the following literacy levels is generally reflective of students who graduate from high school?
- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 3
- D. 4
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: People with Level 3 literacy have the minimum skills necessary for everyday life in a complex society, such as graduation from high school. People with Level 1 literacy have very poor skills; for example, they were unable to determine the correct dose of medication from information on the package. People with Level 2 literacy require material to be simple and clearly laid out, and only tasks that are not too complex are to be included in learning material. People with Levels 4 and 5 literacy had higher order skills in information processing.
Which action should the nurse take first when teaching a client's spouse how to manage the blood pressure (BP) for a client with newly diagnosed hypertension?
- A. Teach the caregiver how to take the client's BP using a manual blood pressure cuff.
- B. Have the dietitian meet with the client and caregiver to discuss low sodium dietary choices.
- C. Ask the client and caregiver to select important information from a list of hypertension teaching topics.
- D. Provide written information about treatment and complications of hypertension for the client and caregiver.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Since adults learn best when given information that they view as being needed immediately, asking the caregiver and client to prioritize learning needs is likely to be the most successful approach to home management of health problems. The other actions also may be appropriate, depending on what learning needs the caregiver and client have, but the initial action should be to assess what the learners feel is important.