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A client with osteoporosis is being discharged home. Which instruction should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
- A. Avoid weight-bearing exercises.
- B. Take calcium supplements with meals.
- C. Limit vitamin D intake.
- D. Increase intake of caffeine-containing beverages.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Take calcium supplements with meals.
Rationale:
1. Calcium is essential for bone health and helps prevent osteoporosis.
2. Taking calcium with meals enhances absorption.
3. Adequate calcium intake is crucial for individuals with osteoporosis.
Summary:
A: Avoiding weight-bearing exercises is incorrect as they are beneficial for bone health.
C: Limiting vitamin D intake is incorrect as it is needed for calcium absorption.
D: Increasing caffeine intake is incorrect as it can decrease calcium absorption and worsen osteoporosis.
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A client with Parkinson's disease is being cared for by a nurse. Which intervention should be included to address the client's bradykinesia?
- A. Encourage daily walking.
- B. Provide thickened liquids to prevent aspiration.
- C. Offer small, frequent meals.
- D. Teach the client to use adaptive utensils.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Encourage daily walking. Bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease refers to slowness of movement. Walking helps improve coordination, balance, and overall mobility in clients with Parkinson's. It promotes muscle strength and flexibility, counteracting the effects of bradykinesia. Walking also stimulates dopamine release, which is reduced in Parkinson's. Choice B is incorrect as thickened liquids are for dysphagia, not bradykinesia. Choice C is incorrect as meal frequency does not directly address bradykinesia. Choice D is incorrect as adaptive utensils help with fine motor skills, not slowness of movement.
The nurse is planning care for a 16-year-old with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). The nurse includes activities to strengthen and mobilize the joints and surrounding muscles. Which physical therapy regimen should the nurse encourage the adolescent to implement?
- A. Exercise in a swimming pool.
- B. Splint affected joints during activity.
- C. Perform passive range of motion exercises twice daily.
- D. Begin a training program of lifting weights and running.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Exercise in a swimming pool. This option is ideal for a 16-year-old with JRA because it provides a low-impact environment that helps strengthen muscles and improve joint mobility without putting excessive stress on the joints. Swimming also helps reduce pain and stiffness associated with JRA.
Choice B (Splint affected joints during activity) is incorrect because splinting may restrict movement and hinder muscle strengthening. Choice C (Perform passive range of motion exercises twice daily) is not as effective as active exercises in improving muscle strength and joint mobility. Choice D (Begin a training program of lifting weights and running) can be too high-impact and may exacerbate joint inflammation and pain in individuals with JRA.
A client with newly diagnosed hypertension is prescribed enalapril (Vasotec). Which instruction should the nurse provide to the client?
- A. Increase your intake of potassium-rich foods.
- B. Report any persistent cough to your healthcare provider.
- C. Take the medication with a full meal.
- D. Avoid grapefruit juice while taking this medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Report any persistent cough to your healthcare provider. Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor that can cause a dry, persistent cough as a side effect. This cough can be a sign of a serious condition called angioedema. Therefore, it is crucial for the client to report any cough to their healthcare provider promptly to assess and manage it.
Incorrect choices:
A: Increasing intake of potassium-rich foods is not necessary when taking enalapril, as it does not typically cause potassium imbalances.
C: Enalapril can be taken with or without food, so taking it with a full meal is not a specific instruction.
D: Avoiding grapefruit juice is typically recommended for medications metabolized by the CYP3A4 enzyme, which enalapril is not.
The healthcare provider is assessing a client with Cushing's syndrome. Which clinical manifestation should the healthcare provider expect to find?
- A. Hyperpigmentation of the skin.
- B. Hypotension.
- C. Moon face and buffalo hump.
- D. Weight loss.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Moon face and buffalo hump. In Cushing's syndrome, excessive cortisol production leads to characteristic symptoms like moon face (round, puffy face) and buffalo hump (fat accumulation at the back of the neck). This is due to redistribution of fat in the body. Hyperpigmentation (choice A) is seen in Addison's disease, not Cushing's. Hypotension (choice B) is unlikely due to the cortisol-induced sodium retention. Weight loss (choice D) is less common in Cushing's due to the metabolic changes causing weight gain.
The nurse is caring for a client with a spinal cord injury. Which intervention should the nurse implement to prevent autonomic dysreflexia?
- A. Restrict the client's fluid intake.
- B. Keep the client's room warm.
- C. Ensure the client's bladder is emptied regularly.
- D. Limit the client's intake of high-fiber foods.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ensure the client's bladder is emptied regularly. Autonomic dysreflexia is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs in clients with spinal cord injuries. It is triggered by a distended bladder or bowel. By regularly emptying the client's bladder, the nurse can prevent the stimulus that leads to autonomic dysreflexia. Option A is incorrect because restricting fluid intake can lead to dehydration, exacerbating the condition. Option B is incorrect as temperature regulation is not directly related to preventing autonomic dysreflexia. Option D is incorrect as high-fiber foods do not play a role in triggering this condition.