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A client with pre-dialysis end-stage kidney disease is being taught about diet. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Increase intake of dietary phosphorus.
- B. Eliminate foods high in protein from your diet.
- C. Reduce intake of foods high in potassium.
- D. Increase intake of sodium-containing foods.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In pre-dialysis end-stage kidney disease, reducing intake of foods high in potassium is crucial as impaired kidney function can lead to potassium buildup in the blood, which can be dangerous. High potassium levels can cause irregular heartbeats and even cardiac arrest. Therefore, advising the client to reduce potassium-rich foods is essential to prevent complications. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Increasing dietary phosphorus, eliminating foods high in protein, or increasing sodium-containing foods are not appropriate recommendations for a client with pre-dialysis end-stage kidney disease as they can exacerbate the condition.
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A nurse at a health fair is assessing the weight status of four clients. Which of the following clients is classified as overweight?
- A. A female client who has a body mass index of 24
- B. A male client who has a body mass index of 29
- C. A female client who has a waist circumference of 101.6 cm (40 in)
- D. A male client who has a waist circumference of 96.52 cm (38 in)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A body mass index (BMI) of 25 or higher is classified as overweight. Choice B, a male client with a BMI of 29, falls into the overweight category. Choice A, a female client with a BMI of 24, is within the normal range. Choices C and D provide information on waist circumference, which is not sufficient to determine if a client is overweight or not, as waist circumference alone does not provide the overall picture of weight status compared to BMI.
A group of clients is being instructed by a nurse regarding nutrition. The teaching should state that which of the following groups of foods contains the highest level of carbohydrates?
- A. Milk, eggs, and cheese
- B. Butter, oils, and avocados
- C. Rice, potatoes, and oranges
- D. Chicken, green beans, and apples
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Rice, potatoes, and oranges. These foods are rich in carbohydrates. Choice A (Milk, eggs, and cheese) contains minimal carbohydrates as they are primarily sources of protein and fat. Choice B (Butter, oils, and avocados) contains very little to no carbohydrates as they are high in fats. Choice D (Chicken, green beans, and apples) also contains minimal carbohydrates, with protein and fiber being more prominent in these foods.
A nurse is teaching a client who needs to increase their daily fluid intake. Which of the following foods has the highest percentage of water by weight?
- A. Yogurt
- B. Milk
- C. Lettuce
- D. Honey
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is Lettuce. Lettuce has the highest percentage of water by weight among the options provided, making it an excellent choice to increase fluid intake. Yogurt and milk have some water content but are not as high in water percentage as lettuce. Honey, on the other hand, contains very little water and is not a good choice for increasing fluid intake.
A nurse is providing dietary teaching for a client who has a burn injury and adheres to a vegan diet. The nurse should recommend which of the following foods as the best source of protein to promote wound healing?
- A. One cup of brown rice
- B. One cup of orange juice
- C. One cup of pureed avocado
- D. One cup of lentils
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lentils are an excellent source of plant-based protein, essential for wound healing in a vegan diet. Brown rice, orange juice, and pureed avocado are not protein-rich foods like lentils and would not provide sufficient protein for wound healing in this scenario.
A client is being taught how to follow a low-purine diet for gout management. Which statement indicates the client understands the teaching?
- A. "I will need to limit the number of fruit servings each day."?
- B. "I should avoid eating liver and other organ meats."?
- C. "I can drink only white wine."?
- D. "I should choose red meat instead of poultry."?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Organ meats like liver are high in purines, which can exacerbate gout symptoms. Choosing to avoid such foods is essential in following a low-purine diet. Option A is incorrect because fruits are generally low in purines and are not usually restricted in a low-purine diet. Option C is incorrect as white wine, just like other types of alcohol, should be consumed in moderation or avoided due to its purine content. Option D is incorrect because red meat, including beef and lamb, is high in purines and should be limited in a low-purine diet.