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A client with schizophrenia is experiencing delusions. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement?
- A. Agree with the client's delusions to avoid confrontation.
- B. Challenge the client's delusions directly.
- C. Encourage the client to discuss their delusions in detail.
- D. Present reality and offer reassurance without reinforcing the delusions.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When caring for a client with schizophrenia experiencing delusions, the nurse should present reality and offer reassurance without reinforcing the client's delusions. This approach helps the client maintain a connection to reality while feeling supported. Agreeing with the delusions may perpetuate false beliefs, while directly challenging them can lead to increased distress for the client. Encouraging the client to discuss their delusions in detail may further exacerbate their symptoms or reinforce their false beliefs. Therefore, the most therapeutic intervention is to gently present reality and provide reassurance to the client.
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A client is being taught relaxation techniques to manage anxiety. Which of the following techniques should the instructor include in the teaching? Select one that doesn't apply.
- A. Deep breathing exercises
- B. Progressive muscle relaxation
- C. Mindfulness meditation
- D. Cognitive restructuring
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Relaxation techniques commonly used to manage anxiety include deep breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, mindfulness meditation, and guided imagery. Cognitive restructuring, on the other hand, is a cognitive-behavioral technique aimed at identifying and changing negative thought patterns rather than a specific relaxation technique. Therefore, cognitive restructuring does not fall under the category of relaxation techniques and is not typically used to manage anxiety.
Which client statement should alert a nurse that a client may be responding maladaptively to stress?
- A. I've found that avoiding contact with others helps me cope.
- B. I really enjoy journaling; it's my private time.
- C. I signed up for a yoga class this week.
- D. I made an appointment to meet with a therapist.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Reliance on social isolation as a coping mechanism is maladaptive and can hinder the development of appropriate coping skills and access to support systems. It may indicate a lack of healthy coping strategies and social connections, which are important for managing stress effectively. Choice B is a positive coping strategy that promotes self-reflection and emotional expression. Choice C reflects a proactive approach to managing stress through physical activity. Choice D shows a willingness to seek professional help, which is a healthy coping mechanism.
Meditation has been shown to be an effective stress management technique. When meditation is effective, what should a healthcare professional expect to assess?
- A. An achieved state of relaxation
- B. An achieved insight into one's feelings
- C. A demonstration of appropriate role behaviors
- D. An enhanced ability to problem-solve
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: When meditation is effective, a healthcare professional should expect to assess an achieved state of relaxation. Meditation is known to facilitate a special state of consciousness through concentrated focus, leading to a sense of calm and relaxation. While meditation can sometimes provide insights into one's feelings, the primary outcome related to stress management is the promotion of relaxation. Choices C and D are not directly related to the typical outcomes of effective meditation for stress management.
Which is an example of the ego defense mechanism of regression?
- A. A mother blames the teacher for her child's failure in school.
- B. A teenager becomes hysterical after seeing a friend killed in a car accident.
- C. A woman wants to marry a man exactly like her beloved father.
- D. An adult throws a temper tantrum when he does not get his own way.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Regression involves reverting to an earlier stage of development for comfort. In this case, an adult throwing a temper tantrum is regressing to a childlike behavior when faced with not getting their way, which is a form of seeking comfort associated with earlier development. Choices A, B, and C do not exemplify regression. Blaming the teacher, becoming hysterical after a traumatic event, or seeking a partner similar to a beloved father are not instances of reverting to earlier developmental stages to cope with stress or conflict.
Which statement about the concept of psychoses is most accurate?
- A. Individuals experiencing psychoses are aware that their behaviors are maladaptive.
- B. Individuals experiencing psychoses experience little distress.
- C. Individuals experiencing psychoses are aware of experiencing psychological problems.
- D. Individuals experiencing psychoses are based in reality.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most accurate statement about psychoses is that individuals experiencing it often exhibit limited distress because they are not fully aware of their altered perception of reality. They may not recognize that their behaviors are maladaptive or acknowledge the presence of psychological issues. Choice A is incorrect because individuals with psychoses may not be aware that their behaviors are maladaptive. Choice C is incorrect because individuals with psychoses may not have insight into their psychological problems. Choice D is incorrect because individuals with psychoses often struggle to differentiate between reality and their altered perceptions.