Nokea
A client with tuberculosis (TB) wants to know why directly observed therapy (DOT) is required as part of the treatment. What community health nurse (CHN) response would be the most appropriate one?
- A. "Clients with TB are often nonadherent to their medication regimen; DOT will ensure that you take the medications prescribed to you."
- B. "This therapy is recommended by TB experts as the best way to ensure that you receive the treatment you need and that the infection doesn't become resistant to treatment."
- C. "This ensures that you get your medication even at the late stages of TB, when your memory may be affected by inadequate oxygenation to the brain."
- D. "TB medications are very expensive, and this method ensures that government health care resources are not wasted by those who will not take the medications regularly."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because directly observed therapy (DOT) is recommended by TB experts to ensure treatment adherence and prevent drug resistance. TB treatment requires strict adherence to a regimen to prevent the development of drug-resistant strains. DOT involves a healthcare provider directly observing the client taking their medication to ensure compliance. Choice A addresses nonadherence but does not emphasize the importance of preventing drug resistance. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the main purpose of DOT in preventing drug resistance and ensuring treatment effectiveness.
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What would be the best choice for the nurse researcher who wishes to identify the long-term benefits and risks of a treatment for hyperlipidemia?
- A. A cross-sectional study
- B. An ecological study
- C. A clinical trial
- D. A retrospective analysis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: A clinical trial. Clinical trials are designed to assess the long-term benefits and risks of a treatment by monitoring participants over an extended period. They involve randomization, control groups, and follow-up assessments, making them ideal for determining treatment effectiveness.
A: A cross-sectional study only provides a snapshot of data at a single point in time and does not track long-term outcomes.
B: An ecological study examines population-level data and may not provide individual-level insights on long-term benefits and risks of a treatment.
D: A retrospective analysis looks at past data and may not adequately capture the long-term effects of a treatment compared to a prospective study like a clinical trial.
Which was a very important factor in the success of early visiting nurses?
- A. The care they provided that served as a model for all later hospitals
- B. The more economical care they provided to families
- C. Their role model, Edna Moore
- D. The superb publicity campaign that was created by the health departments
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because early visiting nurses were successful due to the more economical care they provided to families. Visiting nurses offered cost-effective healthcare services, making them accessible to a wider population. This affordability factor contributed to their success in providing care to those in need.
Choice A is incorrect because early visiting nurses did not necessarily serve as a model for all later hospitals. Choice C is incorrect as the success of visiting nurses was not solely dependent on a role model like Edna Moore. Choice D is incorrect because the success of visiting nurses was not primarily attributed to a publicity campaign by health departments.
A registered nurse (RN), has just been employed as a community health nurse (CHN). Which question would be most relevant to practice as the nurse begins her position?
- A. "Which community groups are at greatest risk for problems?"
- B. "Which patients should I see first as I begin my day?"
- C. "With which physicians will I be collaborating most closely?"
- D. "Who is the nursing assistant to whom I can refer patients?"
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Which community groups are at greatest risk for problems?" This question is most relevant for a community health nurse (CHN) as it aligns with the primary focus of community health nursing, which is to identify and address health needs within the community. By understanding which community groups are at greatest risk, the nurse can prioritize interventions and allocate resources effectively.
Rationale:
1. A focuses on population health, which is a core component of community health nursing.
2. Identifying high-risk groups allows for targeted interventions and preventive measures.
3. Understanding community needs is essential for developing culturally appropriate and effective health programs.
Summary:
B, C, and D are incorrect because they focus on individual patients, specific collaborations, and referral processes rather than the broader community health perspective that is crucial for a community health nurse.
Activities that focus on rebuilding to predisaster or near-predisaster conditions, and on community safety so that the risk of a recurrence of the disaster is reduced, occur in which part of the disaster management cycle?
- A. Disaster Vulnerability
- B. Disaster Preparedness
- C. Disaster Recovery
- D. Disaster Response
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Disaster Recovery. During the disaster recovery phase, activities aim to rebuild to predisaster or near-predisaster conditions and focus on enhancing community safety to reduce the risk of a recurrence of the disaster. This phase involves restoring infrastructure, services, and livelihoods while implementing measures to mitigate future disasters.
Choice A (Disaster Vulnerability) is incorrect because this phase focuses on assessing the vulnerabilities of a community to potential disasters.
Choice B (Disaster Preparedness) is incorrect as it involves planning and readiness activities before a disaster occurs to minimize its impact.
Choice D (Disaster Response) is incorrect as it deals with immediate actions taken during and immediately after a disaster to save lives, protect property, and meet basic needs.
What community health nursing action would best ensure long-term positive health outcomes in pregnant adolescents from low-income groups and their children?
- A. Help adolescent mothers learn about body changes during pregnancy.
- B. Develop programs that enable adolescent mothers to complete their education.
- C. Offer courses in proper care of babies.
- D. Monitor pregnant adolescents for early detection of problems in pregnancy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because completing education can empower adolescent mothers to secure better job opportunities, higher income, and improved living conditions, leading to long-term positive health outcomes for themselves and their children. This choice addresses the root causes of health disparities in low-income groups by promoting education as a key factor in breaking the cycle of poverty and improving overall well-being.
A: Learning about body changes during pregnancy is important but does not address the broader social determinants of health that impact long-term outcomes.
C: Offering courses in proper baby care is beneficial but does not address the underlying issues of education and socioeconomic status.
D: Monitoring for pregnancy problems is crucial for immediate health concerns but does not address the long-term health and well-being of the adolescent mothers and their children.