Nokea
A client with which of the following conditions is at risk for developing a high ammonia level?
- A. renal failure
- B. psoriasis
- C. lupus
- D. cirrhosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A client with cirrhosis is at risk for developing a high ammonia level due to impaired liver function. The liver normally converts ammonia into urea for excretion. In cirrhosis, this process is compromised, leading to elevated ammonia levels in the blood. Renal failure, psoriasis, and lupus do not typically cause high ammonia levels. Renal failure affects kidney function, while psoriasis and lupus are autoimmune conditions that do not directly impact ammonia metabolism.
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The nurse is teaching a teenage female about preventing the transmission of genital herpes. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
- A. "Do not sit on toilet seats without protection."?
- B. "Oral sex can transmit the virus."?
- C. "This infection can be transmitted via intercourse even when you do not feel ill."?
- D. "Try to drink lots of fluids after sex to flush the reproductive tract."?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Genital herpes can be transmitted through oral, genital, and anal sex. It's crucial to understand that the infection can be spread through intercourse even when symptoms are not present. Option A is incorrect because genital herpes is not transmitted through toilet seats. Option B is correct as oral sex can transmit the virus. Option D is incorrect as drinking fluids after sex does not prevent the transmission of genital herpes.
Several passengers aboard an airliner suddenly become weak and suffer breathing difficulty. The diagnosis is likely to be
- A. Outbreak of Asian flu.
- B. Chemical exposure.
- C. Bacterial pneumonia.
- D. Allergic reaction.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the scenario described, where multiple passengers on an airliner experience sudden weakness and breathing difficulty simultaneously, the most likely cause is chemical exposure. This is because a sudden onset of similar symptoms in a group of individuals suggests a common environmental factor affecting them. Options A, C, and D are less likely as they do not explain a sudden onset of symptoms in multiple individuals simultaneously. Asian flu (Option A) is a viral infection and would not typically result in sudden symptoms in multiple individuals at the same time. Bacterial pneumonia (Option C) is a localized infection and not a probable cause for a sudden onset of symptoms in a group. An allergic reaction (Option D) would usually occur in individuals with specific allergies rather than affecting a group of passengers at the same time.
Distribution of a drug to various tissues depends on the amount of cardiac output to each type of tissue. Which tissue would receive the highest amount of cardiac output and thus the highest amount of a drug?
- A. skin
- B. adipose tissue
- C. skeletal muscle
- D. myocardium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'myocardium.' Highly perfused tissues include vital organs like the brain, heart, kidneys, adrenal glands, and liver. The myocardium, being heart muscle, receives the highest amount of cardiac output and thus the highest amount of a drug. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the skin and adipose tissue are poorly perfused, while skeletal muscle is less perfused compared to vital organs like the myocardium.
Following a recent tattoo, someone should be screened for:
- A. tuberculosis.
- B. herpes.
- C. hepatitis.
- D. syphilis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Following a recent tattoo, someone should be screened for hepatitis. Tattooing puts a client at risk for blood-borne hepatitis B or C if strict sterile procedures are not followed. Tuberculosis is an airborne pathogen, while herpes and syphilis are spread through direct contact like sexual activity. Therefore, hepatitis is the most relevant infection to screen for after getting a tattoo.
Why is padding on a restraint helpful?
- A. To distribute pressure so that bony prominences do not receive pressure when a client pulls against the restraints.
- B. To help the client feel more secure.
- C. To keep infection and wounds at bay.
- D. To keep restraints in place.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Padding on a restraint helps distribute pressure to prevent bony prominences from bearing excessive pressure when a client pulls against the restraints. This is crucial to avoid tissue damage caused by ischemia. The correct answer focuses on the physiological benefit of padding in reducing pressure on vulnerable areas to prevent harm. Choice B is incorrect as the primary purpose of padding is not emotional comfort but preventing physical harm. Choice C is incorrect as while padding can indirectly help prevent infection and wounds by reducing pressure, its primary function is pressure distribution. Choice D is incorrect as the main purpose of padding is not to keep the restraints in place but to protect the client's skin and tissues from pressure-related injuries.