Medical Surgical Nursing Practice Questions

Medical Surgical Nursing Practice Questions Related

Review Medical Surgical Nursing Practice Questions related questions and content

A client's arterial blood gas results show a pH of 7.3 and a PaCO2 of 50 mm Hg. The client is experiencing which of the following acid-base imbalances?

  • A. Metabolic acidosis
  • B. Metabolic alkalosis
  • C. Respiratory acidosis
  • D. Respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Respiratory acidosis. In this case, the low pH indicates acidosis, and the elevated PaCO2 indicates respiratory involvement. In respiratory acidosis, the lungs cannot eliminate enough CO2, leading to an increase in carbonic acid and a decrease in pH. Metabolic acidosis (choice A) would involve a primary decrease in bicarbonate levels, not seen in this scenario. Metabolic alkalosis (choice B) would involve an increase in bicarbonate levels, which is not indicated by the given information. Respiratory alkalosis (choice D) would have a low PaCO2 and an elevated pH, opposite of what is seen here.

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Karen is suspected of having a hormone imbalance. What would you expect to monitor

  • A. Electrolyte levels.
  • B. Thyroid studies, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH).
  • C. Caloric intake.
  • D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hormonal imbalances affect multiple systems and require comprehensive monitoring.

Describe assessment data for the suicidal client.

  • A. Increased alertness
  • B. Lower immune response
  • C. Faster metabolism
  • D. Enhanced digestion
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it is the most appropriate response based on physiological and medical principles.

Which adaptations for performing the examination would be appropriate for the patient (select all that apply)?

  • A. Make sure that a family member is with him.
  • B. Handle the skin with care because of potential fragility.
  • C. Keep the patient warm and comfortable during the assessment.
  • D. Allow the patient to watch TV to distract him from any painful assessments.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answers are 'Handle the skin with care because of potential fragility,' 'Keep the patient warm and comfortable during the assessment,' and 'Place the patient in a position of comfort and avoid unnecessary changes in position.' These adaptations address age-related vulnerabilities and promote patient cooperation.

A patient with chronic cancer-related pain has started using MS Contin for pain control and has developed common side effects of the drug. The nurse reassures the patient that tolerance will develop to most of these side effects but that continued treatment will most likely be required for what?

  • A. Pruritus
  • B. Constipation
  • C. Dizziness
  • D. Nausea and vomiting
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Constipation is a persistent side effect of opioids.

A healthcare professional is monitoring a client following a thoracentesis. The healthcare professional should identify which of the following manifestations as a complication and contact the provider immediately?

  • A. Serosanguineous drainage from the puncture site
  • B. Discomfort at the puncture site
  • C. Increased heart rate
  • D. Decreased temperature
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, increased heart rate, as it indicates a potential complication such as hemorrhage or pneumothorax post-thoracentesis. An increased heart rate can signify hypovolemia or respiratory distress, requiring immediate provider notification. Serosanguineous drainage (A) is expected initially, discomfort (B) is common, and decreased temperature (D) is not typically a complication post-thoracentesis.

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