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A college-aged female patient states that she understands the risk of sexual assault with overdrinking. She asks the nurse what health risks are associated with excessive alcohol intake for her age. What diseases or conditions should the nurse include in her response? Select all that
apply
- A. Infertility
- B. Cancer of mouth
- C. Hypertension
- D. Brain shrinkage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Excessive alcohol intake is a risk factor for developing cancer, particularly cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, liver, and breast. Chronic alcohol use can increase the individual's susceptibility to these types of cancers.
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The nurse is planning a teaching session for staff on ethical theories. Which situation best reflects the Deontologic theory?
- A. Approving a physician-assisted suicide
- B. Supporting the transplantation of fetal tissue and organs
- C. Using experimental medications for the treatment of AIDS
- D. Initiating resuscitative measures on a 90-year-old patient with terminal cancer
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Deontologic theory, also known as deontological ethics, focuses on the duty to follow moral rules and obligations regardless of the consequences. In this scenario, initiating resuscitative measures on a 90-year-old patient with terminal cancer reflects a commitment to upholding the duty to provide care and uphold the sanctity of life. Despite the patient's poor prognosis, the nurse is ethically bound to provide care according to established principles and guidelines, emphasizing duty over outcome. This aligns with the Deontologic theory's emphasis on following moral rules and obligations without consideration of the consequences.
What assessment finding suggests that a patient may have fibrocystic breast changes?
- A. green-tinged nipple discharge
- B. ongoing breast pain
- C. firm, ropy feel of the breast tissue under the skin
- D. peau d’orange appearance of the skin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fibrocystic breast changes typically present with breast pain and a cyclic pattern of nodularity and/or lumps in the breast tissue. The characteristic assessment finding that suggests fibrocystic breast changes is the firm, ropy feel of the breast tissue under the skin. This texture is due to the presence of fibrous tissue and cysts within the breast, which can be felt during the physical examination. While nipple discharge and skin changes like peau d’orange can be associated with different breast conditions, the firm and ropy feel of the breast tissue is more specific to fibrocystic changes.
Which of the following statements highlights the nurse’s role as a researcher?
- A. Reading peer-reviewed journal articles
- B. Working as a member of the interdisciplinary team to provide patient care
- C. Helping patient to obtain home care postdischarge from the hospital
- D. Delegating tasks to unlicensed personnel to allow for more teaching time with patients
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reading peer-reviewed journal articles highlights the nurse's role as a researcher because it involves staying current with the latest evidence-based practices, advancements in healthcare, and research findings. Nurses who engage in reading such articles are able to enhance their knowledge, critical thinking skills, and decision-making abilities, which are crucial aspects of conducting research and applying research findings to patient care. By continuously educating themselves through reviewing peer-reviewed literature, nurses contribute to the advancement of nursing practice and further research in the field.
When reviewing a new patient’s birth plan, the nurse notices that the patient will be bringing a doula to the hospital during labor. What does the nurse think that this means?
- A. The patient will have her grandmother as a support person.
- B. The patient will bring a paid, trained labor support person with her during labor.
- C. The patient will have a special video she will play during labor to assist with relaxation.
- D. The patient will have a bag that contains all the approved equipment that may help with the labor process.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A doula is a trained labor support person who provides physical, emotional, and informational support to the mother before, during, and after childbirth. They are not typically a family member like a grandmother (option A) and do not involve playing a special video (option C) or bringing a bag of equipment (option D). The presence of a doula can help improve birth outcomes, provide continuous support, and enhance the birthing experience for the mother.
A patient arrives to the clinic 2 hours late for her prenatal appointment. This is the third time she has been late. What is the nurse’s best action in response to this patient’s tardiness?
- A. Ask the patient if she has a way to tell the time.
- B. Ask the patient if she is deliberately being late for her appointments.
- C. Determine if the patient wants this baby and if this is her way of acting out.
- D. Determine if the patient arrives after the start time for other types of appointments.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse's best action in response to the patient's tardiness is to determine if the patient wants this baby and if this is her way of acting out. Tardiness to prenatal appointments can sometimes indicate underlying issues such as ambivalence towards the pregnancy or emotional distress. By addressing the patient's motivation for being consistently late, the nurse can better understand and support her needs. This approach allows for a more patient-centered and compassionate response, aiming to address any possible concerns or challenges the patient may be facing.