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A common abnormal laboratory result associated with the development of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is:
- A. High serum calcium level
- B. High serum lipid levels
- C. Low serum lipid levels
- D. Low serum calcium level
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: High serum lipid levels, particularly elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, are a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, which underlies PVD. Lipid accumulation in arterial walls leads to plaque formation, narrowing vessels and reducing blood flow. Calcium levels are not directly associated with PVD, and low lipid levels are not a risk factor.
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After treatment with radioactive iodine (RAI) in the form of sodium iodide 131I, the nurse teaches the client to:
- A. Monitor for signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
- B. Rest for 1 week to prevent complications of the medication.
- C. Take thyroxine replacement for the remainder of the client's life.
- D. Assess for hypertension and tachycardia resulting from altered thyroid activity.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: RAI often destroys enough thyroid tissue to cause hypothyroidism, requiring lifelong thyroxine replacement. Monitoring for hyperthyroidism is unnecessary post-treatment, and rest or assessing for hypertension/tachycardia are not primary concerns.
The nurse is developing a plan of care for the client with viral hepatitis. The nurse should instruct the client to:
- A. Obtain adequate bed rest.
- B. Increase fluid intake.
- C. Follow a high-protein diet.
- D. Avoid carbohydrates.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adequate bed rest (A) reduces metabolic demands and supports recovery in viral hepatitis. Increased fluids (B) are supportive but secondary. High-protein diets (C) or avoiding carbohydrates (D) are not indicated for hepatitis management.
A severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic is suspected in a community of 10,000 people. As clients with SARS are admitted to the hospital, what type of precautions should the nurse institute?
- A. Historic precautions.
- B. Hand-washing precautions.
- C. Reverse isolation.
- D. Standard precautions.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: SARS requires standard precautions plus airborne and contact precautions, but standard precautions are the baseline for all patients to prevent transmission.
A client post-inguinal herniorrhaphy reports scrotal swelling 24 hours after surgery. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Apply a warm compress to the scrotum.
- B. Notify the surgeon.
- C. Elevate the scrotum and apply ice.
- D. Administer a diuretic as ordered.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevating the scrotum and applying ice is the first action to reduce scrotal swelling post-inguinal herniorrhaphy, a common postoperative finding. Warm compresses may worsen swelling, notification is needed if swelling persists, and diuretics are not indicated. CN: Physiological adaptation; CL: Synthesize
On the second day following an abdominal perineal resection, the nurse notes that the wound edges aren't approximated and one half the incision has torn apart. The nurse should immediately take what action?
- A. Flush the wound with sterile water.
- B. Apply an abdominal binder.
- C. Cover the wound with a sterile dressing moistened with normal saline.
- D. Apply strips of tape.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Covering the wound with a sterile dressing moistened with normal saline protects the open wound from infection and keeps it moist until further medical evaluation. Flushing, applying a binder, or using tape are inappropriate without addressing the dehiscence first. CN: Physiological adaptation; CL: Synthesize