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A common nursing diagnosis for a patient with antisocial personality disorder is:
- A. chronic low self-esteem, related to poor self-image and excessive fear of failure
- B. disturbed thought processes, related to sensory-perceptual alterations
- C. impaired social interaction, related to manipulative behaviors
- D. social isolation, related to anxiety in social situations
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Impaired social interaction due to manipulation reflects the interpersonal challenges of antisocial personality disorder.
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A patient has schizophrenia and is troubled by negative symptoms, muscle stiffness, and motor restlessness. His Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) is considering changing the patient's antipsychotic medication, haloperidol (Haldol, a typical or first generation antipsychotic drug). For planning purposes, which medication can the nurse assume that the APN will probably choose?
- A. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
- B. Clozapine (Clozaril)
- C. Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
- D. Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Olanzapine (Zyprexa). Olanzapine is an atypical or second-generation antipsychotic that is effective in treating both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. It also has a lower risk of causing extrapyramidal symptoms like muscle stiffness and motor restlessness compared to typical antipsychotics like haloperidol. Chlorpromazine (A) is a typical antipsychotic with similar side effects as haloperidol. Clozapine (B) is an atypical antipsychotic that is effective for treatment-resistant schizophrenia but is usually considered as a last resort due to its potential for serious side effects. Fluoxetine (D) is an antidepressant and not typically used as a first-line treatment for schizophrenia.
A delusion is defined as seeing something that is not real
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A delusion is a fixed false belief, not a perception (hallucination involves seeing/hearing something not real).
A client in the cardiac clinic tells the nurse that he is concerned about his mother, age 75, who lives alone and seems more forgetful. Which statement would be most indicative that the mother may have Alzheimer's disease?
- A. Mom continues to participate in senior center activities each week.'
- B. Mom insists on cooking and cleaning for herself.'
- C. Mom forgot to pay her utility bills last month.'
- D. Mom refuses to stop driving even though her reaction time is very slow.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because forgetting to pay bills is a common early symptom of Alzheimer's disease due to cognitive decline affecting memory and executive functions. This behavior indicates difficulty with organizing and managing tasks, a hallmark of Alzheimer's. Choices A and B suggest independence and engagement, which are not necessarily indicative of Alzheimer's. Choice D hints at potential safety concerns but does not directly point to cognitive decline related to Alzheimer's.
The client has become unable to recognize formerly familiar objects and people in his environment. The client is experiencing:
- A. Affect "“ experienced feelings and emotions
- B. Agnosis "“ inability to recognize familiar objects or people
- C. Apraxia "“ difficulty carrying out purposeful, organized task that is somewhat complex (ex. dressing)
- D. Anhedonia "“ lack of pleasure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Agnosis - inability to recognize familiar objects or people. This is because the client's inability to recognize formerly familiar objects and people in his environment aligns with the definition of agnosis. Affect (choice A) refers to experienced feelings and emotions, which is not the issue described in the question. Apraxia (choice C) is difficulty carrying out purposeful tasks, not related to recognition of objects or people. Anhedonia (choice D) is a lack of pleasure, which is also not applicable to the client's situation. Therefore, the best fit for the client's experience is agnosis.
Trends that have contributed to the recent increase in eating disorders in the United States include a(n):
- A. more competitive workplace.
- B. increase in the number of divorces.
- C. focus on being thin as a measure of attractiveness.
- D. increase in the number of nonnutritional foods consumed.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: focus on being thin as a measure of attractiveness. This is because societal pressures and media influence have placed a strong emphasis on thinness as the ideal body type, leading to increased body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors. Option A (more competitive workplace) and B (increase in the number of divorces) are not directly linked to eating disorders, while option D (increase in the number of nonnutritional foods consumed) may contribute to health issues but not specifically to eating disorders. In conclusion, the societal focus on thinness has a significant impact on the rise of eating disorders in the United States.