Nokea
A community health nurse is preparing a lecture on lifestyle and risk factors for a college-age audience. The nurse understands that which causes of death are the most common among this age group?
- A. HIV, suicide, unintentional injuries
- B. suicide, cancer, unintentional injuries
- C. suicide, unintentional injuries, homicide
- D. homicide, unintentional injuries, heart disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Unintentional injuries, suicide, and homicide are the top causes of death in college-age individuals.
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The nurse teaches a client with hypertension to recognize the signs/symptoms that may occur during periods of elevated blood pressure. The nurse determines that the client needs additional teaching if the client states that which sign/symptom is associated with this condition?
- A. Epistaxis
- B. Dizziness
- C. Blurred vision
- D. A feeling of fullness in the head
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A feeling of fullness in the head is more likely associated with a sinus condition than hypertension. Cerebrovascular symptoms of hypertension include early morning headaches, occipital headaches, epistaxis, dizziness, blurred vision, lightheadedness, and vertigo. The client should be aware of these signs/symptoms and report them if they occur. The client should also be taught to self-monitor the blood pressure.
The nurse is providing home care dietary instructions to a client who has been hospitalized for pancreatitis. Which food should the nurse instruct the client to avoid to prevent recurrence?
- A. Chili
- B. Bagels
- C. Lentil soup
- D. Watermelon
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pancreatitis involves inflammation of the pancreas, and spicy foods like chili can stimulate pancreatic secretions, potentially triggering a recurrence. The client should eat small, frequent meals that are high in protein, low in fat, and moderate to high in carbohydrates. Bagels, lentil soup, and watermelon are generally bland and acceptable.
A client is being discharged to home after prostatectomy for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Which point should the nurse plan to teach the client as part of the discharge teaching?
- A. Mowing the lawn is allowed after 1 week.
- B. Avoid lifting more than 50 pounds for 4 to 6 weeks after surgery.
- C. Drink at least 15 glasses of water a day to minimize clot formation.
- D. Notify the primary health care provider if fever, increased pain, or an inability to void occurs.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Notifying the primary health care provider about fever, increased pain, or inability to void is critical to detect complications like infection or urinary obstruction. Mowing the lawn is too strenuous too soon, lifting more than 20 pounds is prohibited, and 15 glasses of water daily is excessive; 6 to 8 glasses are sufficient.
The nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled to have a thyroidectomy and provides instructions to the client about the surgical procedure. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the nurse's instructions?
- A. I will definitely have to continue taking antithyroid medication after this surgery.
- B. I need to place my hands behind my neck when I have to cough or change positions.
- C. I need to turn my head and neck front, back, and side to side every hour for the first 12 hours after surgery.
- D. I will immediately report to the emergency room if I experience tingling of my toes, fingers, and lips after surgery.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: One way of reducing incisional tension is to teach the client how to support the neck when coughing or being repositioned. The removal of the thyroid does not mean that the client will be taking antithyroid medications postoperatively. The client is taught that after thyroidectomy tension needs to be avoided on the suture line because hemorrhage may develop. Likewise, during the postoperative period, the client should avoid any unnecessary movement of the neck; that is why sandbags and pillows are frequently used to support the head and neck. If a client experiences tingling in the fingers, toes, and lips, it is probably a result of injury to the parathyroid gland during surgery, resulting in hypocalcemia. These signs and symptoms need to be reported immediately.
The nurse is creating a teaching plan for the client with Raynaud's disease. Which instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Daily cool baths will provide an analgesic effect.
- B. A high-protein diet will minimize tissue malnutrition.
- C. Vitamin K administration will prevent tendencies toward bleeding.
- D. Keeping the hands and feet warm and dry will prevent vasoconstriction.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Raynaud's disease is a vasospasm of the arterioles and arteries of the upper and lower extremities. The use of measures to prevent vasoconstriction is helpful for the management of Raynaud's disease. The hands and feet should be kept dry. Gloves and warm fabrics should be worn in cold weather, and the client should avoid exposure to nicotine and caffeine. The avoidance of situations that trigger stress is also helpful. Taking daily cool baths, maintaining a high-protein diet, and administering vitamin K are not components of the treatment for this disorder.