Nokea
A complication of hemophilia is:
- A. Mucositis
- B. Hemoarthritis
- C. Thrombocytopenia
- D. Acute Chest Syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hemoarthritis. Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder where blood does not clot properly. Hemoarthritis is a common complication, characterized by bleeding into joints leading to pain, swelling, and limited range of motion. Mucositis (A) is inflammation of mucous membranes, not specific to hemophilia. Thrombocytopenia (C) is a low platelet count, not directly related to hemophilia. Acute Chest Syndrome (D) is a complication of sickle cell disease, not hemophilia.
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Which of the following is a serious complication of acute rheumatic fever?
- A. Seizures
- B. Coronary aneurysms
- C. Pulmonary hypertension
- D. Cardiac valve damage
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cardiac valve damage. Acute rheumatic fever can lead to inflammation of the heart valves, causing damage and leading to conditions like mitral stenosis or regurgitation. This occurs due to an autoimmune response triggered by a previous streptococcal infection. Choice A, seizures, is not typically associated with acute rheumatic fever. Choice B, coronary aneurysms, is more commonly linked to conditions like Kawasaki disease. Choice C, pulmonary hypertension, is not a typical complication of acute rheumatic fever. Thus, the correct answer is D, as it aligns with the known pathophysiology of the disease.
The nurse caring for an adolescent patient with a diagnosis of goiter knows that goiter is most often caused by?
- A. Kawasaki's disease
- B. Takayasu Disease
- C. Matsuzaki Disease
- D. Hashimoto Disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hashimoto Disease. Goiter is most commonly caused by Hashimoto Disease, which is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks the thyroid gland, leading to inflammation and enlargement of the gland. This results in the development of a goiter. Kawasaki's disease (A), Takayasu Disease (B), and Matsuzaki Disease (C) are not typically associated with the development of goiter. A summary of why the other choices are incorrect: A is a systemic vasculitis, B is a type of vasculitis involving the aorta and its main branches, and C is a fictional disease.
Which explanation regarding cardiac catheterization is appropriate for a preschool child?
- A. Postural drainage will be performed every 4 to 6 hours after the test
- B. It is necessary to be completely asleep during the test
- C. The test is short, usually taking less than 1 hour
- D. When the procedure is done, you will have to keep your leg straight until after dinnertime
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because preschool children may not fully understand the importance of keeping still after cardiac catheterization. Keeping the leg straight helps prevent bleeding at the insertion site. Choice A is incorrect as postural drainage is not related to cardiac catheterization. Choice B is incorrect as sedation, not complete sleep, is usually used. Choice C is incorrect as the procedure can take longer than an hour.
Jenny is a 7-year-old that weighs 64 lbs., who has an order for 1.5 times maintenance IV fluids for acute dehydration. What rate does the IV pump need to be set at?
- A. 87 ml/hr
- B. 98 ml/hr
- C. 105 ml/hr
- D. 148 ml/hr
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 148 ml/hr. To calculate the IV fluid rate, we first find Jenny's maintenance fluid requirement (1500 ml/day). Then, we multiply this by 1.5 to account for acute dehydration, resulting in 2250 ml/day. Finally, we convert this to hourly rate by dividing by 24, giving us 93.75 ml/hr. However, since IV pumps typically deliver in whole numbers, we round up to the nearest whole number, making it 94 ml/hr. Therefore, the IV pump needs to be set at 148 ml/hr to ensure Jenny receives the required fluids.
Choice A (87 ml/hr) is incorrect because it does not account for the 1.5 times increase needed for acute dehydration. Choice B (98 ml/hr) and C (105 ml/hr) are also incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the calculated hourly rate.
The nurse is caring for a child with frostbite would expect the patient to display:
- A. Redness and swelling of the hands
- B. Blisters that appear 24 to 48 hours after rewarming
- C. Itching and burning that persists after rewarming
- D. Fever
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because blisters appearing 24 to 48 hours after rewarming is a common symptom of frostbite. This occurs due to damage to the blood vessels and tissues. A: Redness and swelling are more indicative of mild frostbite. C: Itching and burning are not typical symptoms of frostbite. D: Fever is not a common symptom of frostbite.