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A complication of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is the development of cholestasis. What is this condition?
- A. An inflammatory process of the extrahepatic bile ducts
- B. An arrest of the normal flow of bile
- C. An inflammation of the gallbladder
- D. The formation of gallstones
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cholestasis from TPN is an intrahepatic interruption of bile flow, unlike cholangitis (duct inflammation), cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation), or gallstone formation.
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After 12 months of cessation of menses, which of the following assessment findings in a client who is taking hormone replacement therapy should the nurse report to the physician immediately?
- A. breast tenderness
- B. weight gain
- C. fluid retention
- D. uterine bleeding
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Uterine bleeding on combination hormone replacement therapy, after 12 months of menses cessation, indicates an increased risk of carcinoma and should be reported to the physician immediately. Breast tenderness, weight gain, and fluid retention are all routine side effects of hormone replacement therapy. They should be noted in the record and reported to the physician, but they are not urgent.
Central venous access devices (CVADs) are frequently utilized to administer chemotherapy. What is an advantage of using CVADs for chemotherapeutic agent administration?
- A. CVADs are less expensive than a peripheral IV
- B. Weekly administration is possible
- C. Chemotherapeutic agents can be caustic to smaller veins
- D. The client or family can administer the drug at home
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: CVADs allow administration of vesicant chemotherapeutic drugs into larger veins, reducing damage to smaller peripheral veins. They are more expensive, dosing varies, and home administration is not standard.
Which of the following client groups should the nurse recognize as the fastest-growing segment of the homeless population?
- A. Single, adult men
- B. Single mothers with 2 or 3 children
- C. Runaway adolescents
- D. Single, adult women
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Single mothers with two or three children are the fastest-growing segment of the homeless population, often with young children, due to economic and social challenges.
A 32 year-old male with a complaint of dizziness has an order for Morphine via. IV. The nurse should do which of the following first?
- A. Check the patient's chest x-ray results.
- B. Retake vitals including blood pressure.
- C. Perform a neurological screen on the patient.
- D. Request the physician on-call assess the patient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dizziness can be a sign of hypotension, that may a contraindication with Morphine.
Which of the following substances need to be assessed when completing a family health assessment?
- A. coffee, tea, cola, and cocoa
- B. alcohol, tobacco, and illegal substances
- C. medicines prescribed by a physician
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When assessing drug, alcohol, and tobacco practices among family members, a thorough investigation of prescribed, over-the-counter, and illegal substance-use practices should be made.