Nokea
A complication that is associated with breech delivery is
- A. Compression of cord
- B. Neonatal cephalhematoma
- C. Pathological jaundice
- D. Abruption placentae
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Breech delivery is often associated with cord compression, which can cause fetal distress.
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Mrs. Maroldo is an 81-year-old female who presents for evaluation of pain in her left lower quadrant. She has had this pain before and says she usually takes antibiotics and it goes away. However, this time it seems worse, and she has had it for 4 days even though she says she started taking her leftover antibiotics from the last episode. She denies any nausea or vomiting but says she simply isnt hungry. She had a little diarrhea yesterday but no bowel movements today. She has a temperature of 100.9F and a pulse of 104 bpm, respirations of 20 breaths per minute, and a blood pressure of 9460 mm Hg. She has some discomfort to deep palpation in the left lower quadrant. The AGACNP suspects
- A. Irritable bowel syndrome
- B. Inflammatory bowel disease
- C. Diverticulitis
- D. Appendicitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mrs. Maroldo's presentation with left lower quadrant pain, fever, elevated heart rate, history of previous episodes of similar pain that improved with antibiotics, and recent diarrhea are all concerning for diverticulitis. Diverticulitis is an infection or inflammation of small pouches that can form in the wall of the colon, known as diverticula. The symptoms typically include localized abdominal pain, fever, elevated heart rate, and changes in bowel habits such as diarrhea or constipation. The discomfort to deep palpation in the left lower quadrant indicates inflammation in that area. The presence of fever, elevated heart rate, and low blood pressure suggests an infectious process requiring urgent evaluation and treatment. Further diagnostic tests such as a CT scan may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the inflammation. Appendicitis can also present with abdominal pain, but the location of the pain in the left lower quadrant makes diverticul
With respect to tumor nomenclature, the AGACNP knows that the term carcinoma describes
- A. Malignant neoplasms of internal structure
- B. Tumors that have lost normal growth regulation
- C. A dysfunctional metaplastic adaptation
- D. Neoplasms of epithelial origin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The term "carcinoma" specifically refers to malignant neoplasms that arise from epithelial cells. Epithelial cells are the cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body. Carcinomas account for the majority of all cancers and can occur in various organs such as the skin, lungs, breasts, colon, and prostate, among others. Carcinomas are characterized by their ability to invade surrounding tissues and potentially metastasize to distant sites in the body. Therefore, option D is the correct choice when describing what the term "carcinoma" signifies in tumor nomenclature.
A circumscribed swelling on the newborn’s scalp is indicative of
- A. Caput succedaneum
- B. Subgaleal hemorrhage
- C. Intracranial injury
- D. Neonatal cephalhematoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neonatal cephalhematoma is a circumscribed swelling on the newborn’s scalp due to pressure during delivery.
A definitive indication for elective caesarean section includes
- A. Cord prolapse denoted in first stage
- B. Failure of first stage to progress
- C. Major degree of placenta praevia
- D. Fetal compromise denoted in first stage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A major degree of placenta praevia is a definitive indication for elective cesarean section.
Persistent nausea and vomiting related to pregnancy is indicative of
- A. Morning sickness
- B. Multiple gestation
- C. Hyperemesis gravidarum
- D. Hypertensive disorders
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Persistent nausea and vomiting is a hallmark of hyperemesis gravidarum.