Nokea
A core feature of all abnormal behavior is that it is
- A. culturally absolute
- B. learned
- C. maladaptive
- D. dependent on age
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Maladaptive behavior, impairing function or causing distress, is a universal hallmark of abnormality.
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The sibling of a patient who was diagnosed with a serious mental illness asks why a case manager has been assigned. The nurses reply should cite the major advantage of the use of case management as:
- A. The case manager can modify traditional psychotherapy for homeless patients so that it is more flexible.
- B. Case managers coordinate services and help with accessing them, making sure the patients needs are met.
- C. The case manager can focus on social skills training and esteem building in the real world where the patient lives.
- D. Having a case manager has been shown to reduce hospitalizations, which prevents disruption and saves money.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Case managers coordinate services and access (B), overcoming obstacles for the mentally ill, making it the primary advantage. Other options (A, C, D) are less central to their role.
Early manifestation of symptoms such as severe impairment in social interaction and in communication can be diagnosed as which of the following?
- A. Infantile autism
- B. Infantile amnesia
- C. Cerebral palsy
- D. Rett's syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infantile Autism: Early manifestations of Autistic Disorder symptoms, including impaired social interaction and communication.
A client displays disorganized thinking, difficult-to-follow speech, and silly, inappropriate affect. The client isolates himself from other clients and staff, ignores unit activities, and often seems to be listening and responding to unseen stimuli. This client's behavior most closely conforms to the characteristic behavior of:
- A. Residual schizophrenia
- B. Schizoaffective disorder
- C. Paranoid schizophrenia
- D. Disorganized schizophrenia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Disorganized schizophrenia. This client's presentation aligns with the symptoms of disorganized schizophrenia, characterized by disorganized thinking, speech, and behavior, inappropriate affect, social withdrawal, and hallucinations. Residual schizophrenia (A) refers to a milder form of schizophrenia with lingering symptoms. Schizoaffective disorder (B) involves symptoms of both schizophrenia and mood disorders. Paranoid schizophrenia (C) is characterized by delusions and auditory hallucinations, which are not the primary symptoms displayed by the client in the question.
Disorders related to abnormal functioning of the sleep-wake cycle or timing mechanisms of the body are called:
- A. Sleep apnea.
- B. Primary sleep disorders.
- C. Tertiary sleep disorders.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Primary sleep disorders. These disorders directly affect the sleep-wake cycle or timing mechanisms of the body. Sleep apnea (A) is a specific disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep, not a general category. Tertiary sleep disorders (C) are not a recognized classification; the primary and secondary are the main categories. "None of the above" (D) is incorrect as primary sleep disorders are indeed related to abnormal functioning of the sleep-wake cycle.
When a person's sexual identity does not match his or her physical gender, the diagnosis is
- A. paraphilia
- B. sexual dysfunction
- C. gender identity disorder
- D. androgyny
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gender identity disorder (now gender dysphoria) describes a mismatch between identity and physical sex.