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A depressed patient tells the nurse, "The bad things that happen are always my fault." How should the nurse respond to assist the patient to reframe this overgeneralization?
- A. I really doubt that one person can be blamed for all the bad things that happen.
- B. You are being exceptionally hard on yourself when you imply you are a jinx.
- C. What about the good things that happen; are any of those ever your fault?
- D. Let's look at one bad thing that happened to see if another explanation exists.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it encourages the patient to challenge the overgeneralization by exploring alternative explanations for a specific event. By examining one bad thing in detail, the patient can see that not everything is their fault, promoting a more balanced perspective.
A is incorrect because it simply doubts the patient's statement without providing a constructive way to reframe it. B is incorrect as it introduces the idea of being a jinx, which may further reinforce the patient's negative self-perception. C is incorrect as it diverts the focus to good things, which does not address the patient's negative beliefs about themselves.
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Here in Boston our water comes from
- A. Groundwater
- B. The Charles River
- C. Marlborough
- D. The Quabbin Reservoir
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Boston's primary water source is the Quabbin Reservoir, which supplies clean water to the metropolitan area.
When analyzing the behaviors of a 23-year-old who meets the criteria for antisocial personality disorder, the nurse recognizes that the following nursing diagnosis would be pertinent to his care:
- A. Risk for self-mutilation
- B. Disturbed personal identity
- C. Impaired social interaction
- D. Social isolation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice C (Impaired social interaction) being the correct answer:
1. Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a lack of regard for others and a pattern of violating their rights.
2. Individuals with this disorder often have difficulty forming and maintaining healthy relationships.
3. Impaired social interaction reflects the challenges the individual faces in relating to others.
4. This nursing diagnosis would address the core issue of social dysfunction in individuals with antisocial personality disorder.
Summary of why the other choices are incorrect:
A. Risk for self-mutilation - Not typically associated with antisocial personality disorder, more common in other mental health conditions.
B. Disturbed personal identity - Not a primary concern in antisocial personality disorder, which is more about behavior than identity.
D. Social isolation - While individuals with antisocial personality disorder may isolate themselves, impaired social interaction is a more direct and specific issue to address in their care.
The client is hostile, angry, and suspicious. He thinks that the staff is trying to poison him. He is classified as:
- A. Paranoid
- B. Catatonic
- C. Disorganized
- D. Undifferentiated
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Paranoid. This client's behavior aligns with paranoid schizophrenia symptoms, characterized by hostility, anger, suspicion, and delusions of persecution like being poisoned. Catatonic schizophrenia (B) involves motor disturbances, disorganized schizophrenia (C) features disorganized speech and behavior, and undifferentiated schizophrenia (D) includes a mix of symptoms without fitting a specific subtype. Paranoid schizophrenia best fits the client's presentation based on the described symptoms.
At what age do the synaptic connections in human brain peak?
- A. At birth
- B. End of 3 years
- C. 5 years
- D. 8 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Synaptic connections peak around the end of 3 years (B), a period of rapid synaptogenesis and neural plasticity, followed by pruning. At birth (A), development begins, while 5 (C) and 8 years (D) see continued growth but past the peak, per neurodevelopmental research.
A person who was raped comes to the hospital for treatment. The person abruptly decides to decline treatment and leave the facility. Before this person leaves, the nurse should:
- A. Say, "You may not leave until you're given prophylactic treatment for sexually transmitted diseases."Â
- B. Provide written information about physical and emotional reactions the person may experience.
- C. Explain the need and importance of HIV and pregnancy tests.
- D. Give verbal information about legal resources.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because providing written information about physical and emotional reactions respects the individual's autonomy and empowers them to make informed decisions. It also ensures they have resources to understand and cope with potential consequences. Choice A violates the individual's right to refuse treatment. Choice C focuses on specific tests without addressing the person's immediate concerns. Choice D, while important, is not as immediate or relevant as providing information on potential reactions.