Nokea
A drug causes muscarinic receptor blockade. The nurse will assess the patient for
- A. Dry mouth.
- B. Gynecomastia.
- C. Pseudoparkinsonism.
- D. Orthostatic hypotension.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dry mouth. Muscarinic receptor blockade inhibits the action of acetylcholine, leading to decreased salivary gland secretion and causing dry mouth. Gynecomastia (B) is associated with antiandrogen medications. Pseudoparkinsonism (C) is a side effect of antipsychotic medications that block dopamine receptors. Orthostatic hypotension (D) is a side effect of alpha-1 adrenergic receptor blockade.
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How does peer interaction influence mental development?
- A. Increases stress
- B. Enhances problem-solving
- C. Limits creativity
- D. Reduces attention span
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peer interaction enhances problem-solving (B) by encouraging collaboration and critical thinking, a key aspect of mental development. It doesn't inherently increase stress (A), limit creativity (C), or reduce attention (D).
A psychiatric technician asks the nurse to explain the difference between schizotypal personality disorder and schizophrenia. The information that should serve as the basis for the nurse's response is the fact that with schizotypal personality disorder:
- A. There is greater personality disorganization than in schizophrenia
- B. There may be misinterpretation of events but not psychosis
- C. The client will be sicker and require longer hospitalization
- D. The client will be more outgoing, actively seeking interactions with others
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: There may be misinterpretation of events but not psychosis. In schizotypal personality disorder, individuals may have odd beliefs, behaviors, and experiences, leading to misinterpretation of events, but they do not typically experience full-blown psychosis as seen in schizophrenia. This is a key distinction between the two disorders. Choice A is incorrect because schizophrenia is characterized by more severe disorganization of thoughts and behaviors. Choice C is incorrect as individuals with schizotypal personality disorder typically do not require long hospitalizations compared to those with schizophrenia. Choice D is incorrect as individuals with schizotypal personality disorder tend to be more socially isolated and have difficulty forming close relationships.
A woman with Alzheimer's disease has significant apraxia and poor hygiene. Which intervention would be most appropriate for ensuring that the patient completes a shower?
- A. Remind her of the need for a shower and where the shower is, and repeat this every 30 minutes until the shower is completed.
- B. Discuss with her the importance of showers as part of daily self-care, and elicit and resolve any obstacles to the patient's showering.
- C. Walk her to the shower, and provide occasional reminders of what she should do next if she seems to be unsure or begins to repeat previous actions.
- D. Walk her to the shower, assist her to undress, start the water, supply the soap and washcloth, and instruct her to rub her face with the washcloth.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it provides the most direct and hands-on assistance to ensure completion of the shower. By walking her to the shower, assisting with undressing, starting the water, and providing necessary supplies and instructions, the patient is guided through each step of the showering process. This approach is essential for someone with significant apraxia and poor hygiene due to Alzheimer's disease.
Choice A is incorrect because simply reminding the patient every 30 minutes may not address the physical assistance needed for shower completion. Choice B is also incorrect as discussing the importance of showers may not be enough to overcome the challenges of apraxia and poor hygiene. Choice C is not as effective as choice D as occasional reminders may not provide the comprehensive assistance required for the patient to successfully complete the shower.
An expected outcome for a client who hears voices telling him he is evil would be that by discharge, client will:
- A. Verbalize the reason the voices say he is evil
- B. Respond verbally to the voices
- C. Identify events that increase anxiety and promote hallucinations
- D. Integrate the voices into his personality structure in a positive manner
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it focuses on addressing the underlying causes of the client's experience of hearing voices and feeling evil. By identifying events that increase anxiety and promote hallucinations, the client can work on reducing these triggers and managing his symptoms effectively. This approach is key for long-term improvement and recovery.
A: Verbalizing the reason the voices say he is evil does not address the root cause of the hallucinations and may not lead to effective coping strategies.
B: Responding verbally to the voices may not be therapeutic and could potentially reinforce the hallucinations.
D: Integrating the voices into his personality structure in a positive manner is not a recommended approach as it could lead to further distress and potentially harmful behaviors.
Which of the following behaviors is most consistent with bulimia nervosa?
- A. Severe food restriction and extreme weight loss.
- B. Binge eating followed by vomiting or use of laxatives.
- C. Excessive exercise and rigid dietary rules.
- D. Overeating and no attempts to control food intake.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Binge eating followed by vomiting or use of laxatives. This behavior is most consistent with bulimia nervosa as it involves recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like self-induced vomiting or laxative use. This pattern of behavior is a key diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa.
A: Severe food restriction and extreme weight loss is more indicative of anorexia nervosa, not bulimia nervosa.
C: Excessive exercise and rigid dietary rules may be seen in various eating disorders, but it is not specific to bulimia nervosa.
D: Overeating without attempts to control food intake is more characteristic of binge eating disorder, not bulimia nervosa.