Health Care Utilization by Age Group

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A family has noted the following behaviors in one of their elderly parents: periodic indecisiveness, forgetfulness, mild transient confusion, occasional misperception, distractibility, and occasional unclear thinking. Where on the continuum of cognitive responses would this patient be?

  • A. At point 1
  • B. At point 2
  • C. At point 3
  • D. There is insufficient information to make a determination.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: At point 2. This patient's symptoms indicate mild cognitive impairment, which falls between normal age-related decline (point 1) and dementia (point 3). Mild cognitive impairment involves noticeable cognitive changes but does not significantly interfere with daily functioning. Point 1 is too mild for the symptoms described, and point 3 is too severe as the patient's symptoms are not indicative of full-blown dementia. Therefore, the patient is best placed at point 2 on the continuum of cognitive responses.

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A disorder that interrupts normal sleep patterns and is characterized by repeated, brief jerks of the arms and legs that occur every 20 to 60 seconds during the beginning of sleep is called:

  • A. Insomnia.
  • B. Narcolepsy.
  • C. Hypersomnia.
  • D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: None of the above. The disorder described in the question is Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD), not any of the options provided. PLMD involves involuntary movements during sleep, which are different from the symptoms of insomnia, narcolepsy, or hypersomnia. Insomnia is difficulty falling or staying asleep, narcolepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, and hypersomnia is excessive daytime sleepiness despite getting enough sleep. Therefore, the correct answer is D as none of the provided options accurately describe the specific disorder mentioned in the question.

Schizophrenia affects approximately _____% of the world's population.

  • A. 1
  • B. 5
  • C. 9
  • D. 13
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A (1%). Schizophrenia affects around 1% of the world's population, according to research. This prevalence rate has been consistently reported across different studies and populations. It is a chronic and severe mental disorder, but it is not as common as other mental health conditions. Choices B, C, and D (5%, 9%, 13%) are incorrect because they overestimate the prevalence of schizophrenia. These percentages are much higher than the actual documented rate, which is closer to 1%.

Which of the following signs indicates that a patient with an eating disorder may need immediate hospitalization?

  • A. Serum potassium level of 3.2 mEq/L
  • B. Body mass index (BMI) of 18.5
  • C. Noncompliance with meal plans
  • D. Low energy and fatigue
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Serum potassium level of 3.2 mEq/L. This indicates severe hypokalemia, which can lead to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias in patients with eating disorders. Hospitalization is necessary for immediate monitoring and intervention to prevent serious complications. Choices B, C, and D do not indicate imminent life-threatening risks requiring immediate hospitalization.

Reading Disorder is a developmental disorder and is characterised by reading achievement (e.g. accuracy, speed and comprehension) being significantly below standards expected for which of the following

  • A. Chronological age
  • B. IQ
  • C. Schooling experience.
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Reading Disorder: A specific learning disability characterised by the accuracy, speed and comprehension of reading being significantly below standards expected for chronological age and IQ.

A 76-year-old is regressed, indifferent, and responds to others only when they initiate an interaction. What form of group therapy would be most useful to promote resocialization?

  • A. Remotivation
  • B. Activity group
  • C. Psychotherapy
  • D. Reminiscence (life review)
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Remotivation therapy helps to resocialize regressed and apathetic patients by focusing on a single topic, creating a bridge to reality as group members talk about the world in which they live and work and hobbies related to the topic. Group leaders give members acceptance and appreciation. Group psychotherapy would not be effective for this patient. An activity group does not address the patients problem.

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