Nokea
A family member asks an HHN to explain the concept of hospice care. Which of the following actions would the HHN need to include as the fundamental underlying philosophy of hospice?
- A. Making it possible for the client to die at home
- B. Ensuring that the client's living will is honoured
- C. Placing experts in the position of power of attorney
- D. Providing comfort measures before death
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Comfort measures (D) are hospice's fundamental philosophy, prioritizing quality of life, per palliative care standards. Home death (A), wills (B), and power of attorney (C) are secondary.
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The most appropriate method of treating shock in an emergency is to:
- A. Keep the patient standing
- B. Elevate the patient's legs to improve blood flow
- C. Apply ice to the patient's extremities
- D. Give the patient food and water immediately
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale A: Incorrect, standing worsens shock. Rationale B: Correct, elevating legs improves circulation unless contraindicated. Rationale C: Incorrect, ice is not standard for shock. Rationale D: Incorrect, food/water can harm in shock.
Which activity must be completed before on-scene triage?
- A. A Joint Information Center (JIC) has been established.
- B. Incident Commander must be in place.
- C. Privacy is assured.
- D. Scene safety has been assured.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Scene safety (D) must be assured before triage to protect responders and victims, per ICS and triage protocols. JIC (A), Incident Commander (B), and privacy (C) follow or are secondary.
Which of the following should NOT be done when treating a snakebite?
- A. Keep the patient calm and still
- B. Apply ice directly to the bite
- C. Seek medical help immediately
- D. Immobilize the affected area
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale A: Incorrect, keeping calm is appropriate. Rationale B: Correct, ice can damage tissue and is not recommended. Rationale C: Incorrect, seeking help is essential. Rationale D: Incorrect, immobilization is standard.
What is the initial step in disaster management?
- A. Preparedness
- B. Response
- C. Recovery
- D. Mitigation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The initial step in disaster management is mitigation (D), which focuses on reducing risks before disasters occur through measures like strengthening infrastructure and enforcing building codes, per FEMA's disaster management cycle. Preparedness (A) follows, then response (B), and recovery (C).
The first step in performing CPR on an adult is to:
- A. Deliver rescue breaths
- B. Administer a shock using an AED
- C. Check for responsiveness and call for help
- D. Perform abdominal thrusts
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale A: Incorrect, breaths follow assessment. Rationale B: Incorrect, AED use follows CPR start. Rationale C: Correct, checking responsiveness and calling for help initiate CPR protocol. Rationale D: Incorrect, thrusts are for choking.