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A family requests that no additional heroic measures be instituted for their terminally ill mother who has advance directives in place. The nurse respects this decision in keeping with the principle of:
- A. accountability.
- B. autonomy.
- C. nonmaleficence.
- D. veracity.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: autonomy. Autonomy refers to respecting the right of individuals to make their own decisions about their healthcare. In this scenario, the family's request to honor the terminally ill mother's advance directives aligns with the principle of autonomy as it acknowledges her right to make decisions about her own care. Accountability (A) pertains to taking responsibility for one's actions, nonmaleficence (C) involves avoiding harm, and veracity (D) refers to truthfulness. While these principles are important in healthcare, in this specific case, autonomy takes precedence as it respects the patient's wishes.
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A nurse would like to obtain background information and learn the political platform of a candidate who is running for national office. The nurse should contact the:
- A. National Registry for Candidates.
- B. American Nurses Association Nurses Strategic Action Team (N-STAT).
- C. National League of Nurses.
- D. National Council of State Boards of Nursing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: American Nurses Association Nurses Strategic Action Team (N-STAT).
Rationale:
1. N-STAT is a strategic action team within the American Nurses Association, which is a reputable organization representing nurses' interests.
2. N-STAT focuses on political advocacy and provides information on political platforms of candidates running for national office.
3. Contacting N-STAT would provide the nurse with accurate and relevant information about the candidate's political platform.
Summary of other choices:
A: National Registry for Candidates - Not a known entity, unlikely to provide specific political platform information.
C: National League of Nurses - Focuses on nursing education and standards, not political platforms.
D: National Council of State Boards of Nursing - Focuses on regulatory aspects of nursing practice, not political platforms.
The nurse manager is planning staffing levels and realizes that the first step is to:
- A. know the intensity of care needed by patients according to physical and psychosocial factors.
- B. examine the educational level of the staff.
- C. assess the skill level of caregivers.
- D. review the budget to determine the financial consequences of past staffing patterns.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because knowing the intensity of care needed by patients based on physical and psychosocial factors is essential to determine appropriate staffing levels. Understanding patient needs ensures adequate staff allocation for quality care delivery. Examining staff education (B) and skill level (C) is important but comes after assessing patient needs. Reviewing the budget (D) is necessary but should not be the first step in staffing planning.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is to receive an antibiotic drug that causes severe skin damage when infiltrated. The order reads, "infuse over 1 hour by portacath." The nurse accesses the Personal Digital Assistant for software that lists the steps to access a portacath. The nurse is using:
- A. electronic health records.
- B. point-of-care technology.
- C. data management.
- D. telehealth.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: point-of-care technology. Point-of-care technology refers to tools and devices that assist healthcare providers in delivering care at the patient's bedside. In this scenario, the nurse is accessing a software application on a Personal Digital Assistant to follow steps for accessing a portacath, which is a form of point-of-care technology. This technology enables quick and accurate access to necessary information, ensuring safe and efficient care delivery.
Incorrect choices:
A: Electronic health records (EHR) primarily store patient information and medical history but do not provide real-time guidance on procedures like accessing a portacath.
C: Data management involves organizing and analyzing healthcare data but does not directly assist in patient care tasks like accessing a portacath.
D: Telehealth involves remote healthcare services, which are not relevant to the nurse's immediate task of accessing a portacath.
A patient is placed on reserpine (Serpalan) to decrease mild anxiety and treat hypertension. The patient researches the medication on the Internet and finds that this medication comes from which plant?
- A. Atropa belladonna
- B. Digitalis purpurea
- C. Rauwolfia serpentina
- D. Cephaelis ipecacuanha
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Rauwolfia serpentina. Reserpine is derived from the Rauwolfia serpentina plant. This plant contains alkaloids that act as a central nervous system depressant, reducing anxiety and lowering blood pressure. Atropa belladonna (A) contains toxic alkaloids, Digitalis purpurea (B) contains cardiac glycosides used for heart conditions, and Cephaelis ipecacuanha (D) contains emetine used for inducing vomiting, none of which are related to reserpine's effects.
Although a hospital reversed all charges when a client was the victim of wrong site surgery, the court awarded the client $5 million. The client was able to return to work in 6 weeks and had no permanent damages. This monetary compensation is termed:
- A. res ipsa loquitur.
- B. punitive damages.
- C. vicarious liability.
- D. immunity.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: punitive damages. Punitive damages are awarded to punish the defendant for their wrongful actions. In this case, the hospital's negligence in performing wrong site surgery resulted in harm to the client, even though the hospital reversed the charges. The court awarded $5 million to punish the hospital for their negligence, as the client suffered emotional distress and the potential risk of harm. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: res ipsa loquitur is a legal doctrine used to shift the burden of proof from the plaintiff to the defendant in cases where the negligence is obvious.
C: vicarious liability holds an employer responsible for the actions of their employees, which is not directly applicable in this scenario.
D: immunity refers to protection from legal liability, which is not relevant in a case where the court awarded monetary compensation.