Fluid Maintenance Pediatrics Practice Questions

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A female client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receives family-planning counseling. Which statement about safer sex practices for persons with HIV is accurate?

  • A. If the client and her sexual partners are HIV positive, unprotected sex is permitted
  • B. A latex condom with spermicide provides the best protection against HIV transmission during sexual intercourse
  • C. Contraceptive methods like birth control pills, implants, and injections are recommended to prevent HIV transmission
  • D. The intrauterine device is recommended for a client with HIV
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A latex condom with spermicide provides the best protection against HIV transmission during sexual intercourse. Safer sex practices for persons with HIV involve using condoms consistently and correctly during every sexual encounter to reduce the risk of HIV transmission to partners, regardless of their HIV status. Spermicide, while offering additional protection against pregnancies, does not provide additional protection against HIV transmission. Other contraceptive methods like birth control pills, implants, and injections are not effective in preventing HIV transmission. The intrauterine device is also not specifically recommended for clients with HIV as it does not provide protection against HIV transmission during sexual activities.

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A patient is admitted with a diagnosis of renal failure. He also mentions that he has stomach distress and ha ingested numerous antacid tablets over the past 2 days. His blood pressure is 110/70, his face is flushed, and he is experiencing generalized weakness. Choose the most likely magnesium (Mg ) value.

  • A. 11mEq/L
  • B. 2mEq/L
  • C. 5mEq/L
  • D. 1mEq/L
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The patient's presentation suggests that he may be suffering from hypermagnesemia (high magnesium levels) due to excessive ingestion of antacid tablets. Symptoms of hypermagnesemia can include flushing, weakness, and low blood pressure. A serum magnesium level of 11mEq/L is consistent with hypermagnesemia. In this scenario, the other values (2mEq/L, 5mEq/L, 1mEq/L) are unlikely to be the correct magnesium level based on the patient's symptoms and history of antacid ingestion.

A patient who is being tested for HIV asks what tests are used. The nurse would correct in stating that the tests used to confirm HIV infection are which of the following?

  • A. CD 4+ cell count and thymus function.
  • B. ELISA and Western Blot
  • C. B-cell and T-cell count.
  • D. CD 4+, viral load, and ELISA
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and Western Blot are the two main tests used to confirm HIV infection. ELISA is typically the first test performed to detect HIV antibodies in the blood. If the ELISA test is positive, the Western Blot test is then used to confirm the presence of HIV antibodies and differentiate between HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. Both tests are highly sensitive and specific in diagnosing HIV infection. Other tests like CD4+ count and viral load are used to monitor disease progression but are not used primarily to confirm HIV infection.

What should nursing interventions to maintain a patent airway in a newborn include?

  • A. Sleeping in the prone (on abdomen) position
  • B. Wrapping neonate as snugly as possible
  • C. Positioning neonate supine while sleeping
  • D. Using bulb syringe to suction as needed, suctioning nose first, and then pharynx
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nursing interventions to maintain a patent airway in a newborn should prioritize safety and best practices. Positioning the neonate supine while sleeping is crucial to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and ensure proper airway alignment. Using a bulb syringe to suction as needed, with the correct technique of suctioning the nose first and then the pharynx, helps effectively remove secretions and keep the airway clear. This intervention promotes optimal respiratory function and reduces the risk of airway obstruction in newborns. Sleeping in the prone position is not recommended due to the increased risk of SIDS. Wrapping the neonate as snugly as possible can also pose risks of overheating and compromising the airway, making it an unsafe practice.

Poor prognostic factors in Hodgkin lymphoma include all the following EXCEPT

  • A. age of more than 15 year at the time of diagnosis
  • B. stage IV disease
  • C. manifested by positron emission tomography (PET) scan positivity
  • D. poor response to therapy
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Older age is generally considered a poor prognostic factor, but not necessarily worse than other listed options.

By the age of 7 months, the infant is able to do all the following EXCEPT

  • A. transfer object from hand to hand
  • B. actively bounces
  • C. uses radial palm grasp
  • D. roll over
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rolling over is usually achieved earlier, by 4-6 months, while other skills are typical for 7 months.

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