ATI Hematologic System Quizlet

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A female infant is diagnosed with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) not associated with an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. In taking the family history, you learn that another female infant died of HLH 2 years ago. Also, a newborn female child died of an unknown disease 4 years prior and was said have been bleeding profusely, jaundiced, and had a distended abdomen. When counseling the family about the genetics of HLH, how will you explain it?

  • A. It is an X-linked syndrome
  • B. It is an autosomal recessive syndrome
  • C. It is a dominant inheritance syndrome
  • D. It is an autosomal recessive syndrome with incomplete penetrance
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: It is an autosomal recessive syndrome. HLH is typically inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning that two copies of the affected gene are needed to manifest the disease. In this case, the family history indicates that multiple female infants were affected, suggesting a recessive pattern. Choice A is incorrect as HLH is not an X-linked syndrome, indicated by the affected female infants. Choice C is incorrect since dominant inheritance would not result in multiple affected female infants. Choice D is also incorrect as autosomal recessive syndromes do not typically exhibit incomplete penetrance.

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The nurse is caring for a patient who is being discharged after an emergency splenectomy following an automobile accident. Which instructions should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?

  • A. Watch for excess bruising.
  • B. Check for swollen lymph nodes.
  • C. Take iron supplements to prevent anemia.
  • D. Wash hands and avoid persons who are ill.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Patient's immune system is compromised post-splenectomy.
Step 2: Washing hands and avoiding ill individuals reduce infection risk.
Step 3: Emphasizing infection prevention crucial for patient safety.
Summary: A - relates to clotting issues, B - not relevant, C - not immediate concern. Washing hands is most pertinent.

While taking a client history, which factor(s) that place the client at risk for a hematologic health problem will the nurse document? (Select all that apply.)

  • A. Family history of military excellence
  • B. Diet low in iron and protein
  • C. Excessive alcohol consumption
  • D. Family history of allergies
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Excessive alcohol consumption. Alcohol can lead to various hematologic health problems such as anemia, bleeding disorders, and impaired immune function. Excessive alcohol intake can disrupt the production of red blood cells and platelets, leading to an increased risk of hematologic issues. Family history of military excellence (A) and family history of allergies (D) are not directly related to hematologic health problems. A diet low in iron and protein (B) can contribute to hematologic issues, but it is not as direct a risk factor as excessive alcohol consumption.

A home health nurse is caring for a patient with multiple myeloma. Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize when addressing the patient's severe bone pain?

  • A. Implementing distraction techniques
  • B. Educating the patient about the effective use of hot and cold packs
  • C. Teaching the patient to use NSAIDs effectively
  • D. Helping the patient manage the opioid analgesic regimen
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Helping the patient manage the opioid analgesic regimen. This is the priority intervention for severe bone pain in multiple myeloma because opioids are the most effective for managing severe pain. Opioids target the central nervous system to reduce pain perception, providing significant relief. Implementing distraction techniques (A) may offer temporary relief but will not address the underlying pain. Educating about hot and cold packs (B) may be helpful for mild pain but is not sufficient for severe bone pain. Teaching NSAIDs (C) is not recommended for multiple myeloma pain management due to potential kidney issues.

Heparin is an anticoagulant produced by the basophils. The most likely mechanism heparin prevents blood clotting is by

  • A. Inhibiting the formation of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors
  • B. Preventing the activation of platelets
  • C. Preventing the aggregation of platelets
  • D. Binding to antithrombin III to inactivate thrombin
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because heparin binds to antithrombin III, enhancing its ability to inactivate thrombin. This prevents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, thereby inhibiting blood clot formation. Choice A is incorrect because vitamin K-dependent clotting factors are not directly affected by heparin. Choice B is incorrect because heparin does not prevent the activation of platelets, rather it affects the coagulation cascade. Choice C is incorrect as heparin does not directly prevent platelet aggregation, which is more related to antiplatelet agents like aspirin.

A nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed dose of desmopressin to a client who has hemophilia A. The client's laboratory results indicate that the client has a sodium level of 130 mEq/L. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

  • A. Clarify the prescription with the provider.
  • B. Administer the drug with an analgesic.
  • C. Administer the required dose orally.
  • D. Assess factor IX levels.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Clarify the prescription with the provider. Desmopressin is a medication that can cause hyponatremia, especially in patients with low sodium levels like this client. Before administering desmopressin, the nurse should consult with the provider to ensure it is safe to administer the medication given the client's sodium level. Administering the drug without clarifying may worsen the hyponatremia.

Choice B is incorrect because administering the drug with an analgesic is not necessary or relevant in this situation. Choice C is incorrect because desmopressin is typically administered via injection, not orally. Choice D is incorrect because assessing factor IX levels is not directly related to the administration of desmopressin in this scenario.

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