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A female patient with HIV has just been diagnosed with condylomata acuminata (genital warts). What information is most appropriate for the nurse to tell this patient?
- A. This condition puts her at a higher risk for cervical cancer; therefore, she should have a Papanicolaou (Pap) test annually.
- B. The most common treatment is metronidazole (Flagylastin), which should eradicate the problem within 7 to 10 days.
- C. The potential for transmission to her sexual partner will be eliminated if condoms are used every time they have sexual intercourse.
- D. The human papillomavirus (HPV), which causes condylomata acuminata, cannot be transmitted during oral sex.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: HIV-positive women have a higher rate of HPV. Infections with HPV and HIV together increase the risk of malignant transformation and cervical cancer. Thus, women with HIV infection should have frequent Pap smears. Because condylomata acuminata is a virus, there is no permanent cure. Condoms reduce but do not eliminate transmission risk. HPV can be transmitted to other parts of the body, including during oral sex.
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A female patient tells the nurse that she thinks she has a vaginal infection because she has noted inflammation of her vulva and the presence of a frothy, yellow-green discharge. The nurse recognizes that the clinical manifestations described are typical of what vaginal infection?
- A. Trichomonas vaginalis
- B. Candidiasis
- C. Gardnerella
- D. Gonorrhea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical manifestations indicate Trichomonas vaginalis, characterized by frothy, yellow-green discharge and vulvar inflammation, treated with metronidazole. Candidiasis produces a white, cheese-like discharge. Gardnerella is characterized by gray-white discharge. Gonorrhea often produces no symptoms.
A nurse providing prenatal care to a pregnant woman is addressing measures to reduce her postpartum risk of cystocele, rectocele, and uterine prolapse. What action should the nurse recommend?
- A. Maintenance of good perineal hygiene.
- B. Prevention of constipation.
- C. Increased fluid intake for 2 weeks postpartum.
- D. Performance of pelvic muscle exercises.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Kegel exercises strengthen pelvic muscles, reducing the risk of cystocele, rectocele, and uterine prolapse. Hygiene, constipation prevention, and fluid intake do not directly address pelvic muscle strength.
A patient is post-operative day 1 following a vaginal hysterectomy. The nurse has notes an increase in the patient's abdominal girth and the patient complains of bloating. What is not the nurses most appropriate action?
- A. Provide the patient an with an unsweetened, carbonated beverage.
- B. Apply a warm compress to the patient's lower abdomen.
- C. Provide an ice pack to apply to the patient's perineum and suprapubic region.
- D. Assist the patient into a prone position.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Applying a warm compress to the abdomen can relieve bloating and flatus post-hysterectomy. Carbonated beverages and ice packs are not recommended, and prone positioning may be uncomfortable.
The nurse is caring for a 63-year-old patient with ovarian cancer. The patient is to receive chemotherapy consisting of Taxol and Paraplatin. For what adverse effect of this treatment should the nurse monitor the patient?
- A. Leukopenia
- B. Metabolic acidosis
- C. Hyperphosphatemia
- D. Respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Taxol and Paraplatin commonly cause leukopenia, a manageable toxicity. Acid-base imbalances and hyperphosphatemia are not typical adverse effects of these drugs.
A 14-year-old is brought to the clinic by her mother. The mother explains to the nurse that her daughter has just started using tampons, but is not yet sexually active. The mother states I am very concerned because my daughter is having a lot of stabbing pain and burning. What might the nurse suspect is the problem with the 14-year-old?
- A. Vulvitis
- B. Vulvodynia
- C. Vaginitis
- D. Bartholins cyst
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vulvodynia is a chronic vulvar pain syndrome with symptoms like burning and stabbing pain, often triggered by initial tampon use. Vulvitis is typically infectious. Vaginitis involves vaginal inflammation, and Bartholins cyst involves a blocked gland.