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A community health nurse is working with a group of clients. The nurse practices the ethical principle of distributive justice by performing which of the following tasks?
- A. Keeping a promise to visit a client who is housebound after the delivery of care.
- B. Ensuring that a client who is homeless receives preventive medical care.
- C. Being honest with the parents of a child about the need to report suspected abuse.
- D. Accepting the decision of an older adult client to live alone in her home.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Distributive justice refers to fair distribution of resources and services to all individuals, with priority given to those in need. By ensuring that a homeless client receives preventive medical care, the nurse is upholding this principle. This action promotes equity and fairness by addressing the health needs of a vulnerable population.
A: Keeping a promise to visit a housebound client is important for maintaining trust and continuity of care, but it does not directly relate to distributive justice.
C: Being honest about reporting suspected abuse is related to ethical duty and integrity, not distributive justice.
D: Accepting an older adult's decision to live alone respects autonomy and independence, but it is not directly tied to distributive justice.
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A clinic nurse is assessing a client who has measles. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Koplik spots inside the mouth
- B. Persistent low-grade temperature
- C. Muscle aches and tenderness
- D. Rash confined to the trunk of the body
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Koplik spots inside the mouth. These are small, white spots surrounded by a red ring that appear on the buccal mucosa. This finding is characteristic of measles and typically precedes the onset of the rash. Koplik spots are highly specific to measles and can aid in early diagnosis. Persistent low-grade temperature (B) and muscle aches and tenderness (C) are common symptoms of many viral illnesses, including measles, but they are not specific to measles. The rash associated with measles typically starts on the face and head before spreading to the trunk and extremities, so a rash confined to the trunk (D) would not be expected in measles.
A community health clinic nurse manager is reviewing the incidence rate of chlamydia in the state. In a given year, 3,144 new cases were reported, and the population was estimated at 325,986. Which of the following is the incidence rate in the state for the year?
- A. About 300 reported cases per 100,000 population
- B. About 1 reported case per 10,000 population
- C. About 10 reported cases per 1,000 population
- D. About 3 reported cases per 10,000 population
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: About 300 reported cases per 100,000 population. To calculate the incidence rate, you divide the number of new cases by the total population, then multiply by the desired unit of measure (per 100,000). In this case, (3,144/325,986) * 100,000 = 964.5 cases per 100,000 population. Therefore, the answer is approximately 300 reported cases per 100,000 population. Choice B is incorrect as it would be 31.44 cases per 10,000 population. Choice C would result in 3.144 cases per 1,000 population. Choice D would yield 31.44 cases per 10,000 population.
A school nurse is assessing a child who has been stung by a bee. The child's hand is swelling, and the nurse notes that the child is allergic to insect stings. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect if the child develops anaphylaxis? (SATA)
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Nausea
- C. Hypertension
- D. Urticaria
- E. Stridor
Correct Answer: B, D, E
Rationale: Correct Answer: B, D, E
Rationale:
1. Nausea: Anaphylaxis can cause gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea due to the release of inflammatory mediators.
2. Urticaria: Anaphylaxis commonly presents with hives (urticaria) as a manifestation of allergic reaction.
3. Stridor: Anaphylaxis can lead to upper airway swelling, causing stridor due to compromised breathing.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A. Bradycardia: Anaphylaxis typically causes tachycardia due to the body's response to the allergen.
C. Hypertension: Anaphylaxis usually results in hypotension due to vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.
A nurse is planning a program about healthy eating at an elementary school where most students select French fries and pizza at lunch every day. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take first?
- A. Give positive feedback to students who make appropriate choices.
- B. Help students recognize the value of making healthy food choices.
- C. Provide students with resources about making wise choices independently.
- D. Determine students' motivation to learn about healthy food choices.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Determine students' motivation to learn about healthy food choices. This is the first step because understanding the students' motivation will help tailor the program effectively. By assessing their motivation, the nurse can identify potential barriers to making healthy choices and address them in the program. Positive feedback (A) and resources (C) are important but should come after understanding motivation. Helping students recognize the value of healthy choices (B) is crucial, but motivation assessment precedes this step.
A home health nurse is assessing a client who has AIDS. Which of the following responses by the client indicates a risk for suicide?
- A. I'm afraid of experiencing pain near the end.
- B. I know that everything will be better soon.
- C. I am relying more and more on my partner for support.
- D. I don't want to lose control of my ability to make decisions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "I know that everything will be better soon." This response indicates a risk for suicide as it reflects a sense of hopelessness or feeling that things will not improve. This mindset is often associated with suicidal ideation.
A: Fear of pain near the end is a common concern in terminal illnesses but does not directly indicate suicide risk.
C: Relying on a partner for support can be a coping mechanism and does not necessarily indicate suicide risk.
D: Desire to maintain decision-making control is a sign of autonomy and does not directly indicate suicide risk.
In summary, choice B is correct as it suggests a lack of hope for the future, while the other choices do not directly indicate a risk for suicide.