Nokea
A grade II vibratory, mid-systolic murmur at the mid sternal border in a 4-year-old child that is louder when the child is supine is most likely which type of murmur?
- A. Pathologic murmur
- B. Pulmonary flow murmur
- C. Still's murmur
- D. Venous hum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A Still's murmur is characterized by a vibratory or musical low-grade sound, along the sternal border, which is louder when the child is supine or during inspiration.
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Clinical manifestations of haemophilia include:
- A. Bleeding following neonatal intramuscular injection
- B. Intracranial bleeding
- C. Gingival bleeding
- D. Menorrhagia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Intracranial bleeding is a serious and potentially life-threatening manifestation of hemophilia, particularly in severe cases.
One of the following is a sign of right-sided heart failure of the patient
- A. tachypnea
- B. orthopnea
- C. wheezing
- D. pulmonary edema
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Right-sided heart failure typically presents with systemic signs like orthopnea and peripheral edema rather than pulmonary edema.
Complement C3 levels are decreased in:
- A. Systemic lupus erythematoses
- B. Henoch-Schoenlein purpura
- C. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
- D. Type II membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decreased C3 levels are characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus due to immune complex deposition and complement consumption.
Cantwell criteria is used to diagnose
- A. Congenital tuberculosis
- B. Congenital syphilis
- C. Congenital rubella
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Cantwell criteria are used to diagnose congenital syphilis, based on clinical and laboratory findings.
Rett syndrome is characterised by:
- A. Social withdrawal
- B. Self-mutilation
- C. Macrocephaly
- D. Wringing hand movements
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Wringing hand movements are a hallmark feature of Rett syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder primarily affecting females.